Chapter 5 Review

Question 1

What are the four processes that maintain plasma glucose concentration?

Answer 1

1. Use existing glucose from liver storage
2. Use plasma FFA from adipose tissue
3. Create new glucose from liver from amino acids, lactate, and glycerol
4. Block glucose entry into cells to force the use of fat as fuel

Question 2

Two factors that affect blood cortisol concentrations during exercise.

Answer 2

1. Emotional arousal
2. Cortisol levels vary during the day

Question 3

What is insulin and glucagon? Explain their role in glucose storage and mobilization.

Answer 3

• Insulin: lowers blood sugar by storing glucose in muscles
• Glucagon: raises blood sugar by releasing stored glucose
• They work together to control blood sugar levels. Respond to the same stimuli.

Question 4

Define hormones

Answer 4

A chemical substance that is created and released by an endocrine gland and transported to a target organ via the blood

Question 5

Define incretins

Answer 5

A group of hormones secreted by endocrine cells in the GI tract when food is being ingested

Question 6

Define steroids

Answer 6

A class of lipids, from cholesterol, that includes the hormones testosterone, estrogen, cortisol, and aldosterone