Chapter 5 quiz Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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Chemistry

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes

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Particle Theory of Matter

A theory that describes the composition and behaviour of matter

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Pure Substance

A substance that is made up of only one type of particle

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Mixture

A substance that is made up of at least two different types of particles

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Alloy

A solid solution of two or more metals

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What is all matter made out of?
_ kinds of matter is made up of _ kinds of particles.

All matter is made of tiny particles
Different kinds of matter is made up of different kinds of particles

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Main ideas of the particle theory of matter (5)

All matter is made up of tiny particles with empty spaces in between
Different substances are made up of different kinds of particles
Particles are in constant random motion
As temperatures increase, the particles of a substance moves faster
Particles attract each other

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How do particles of a substance become solid?

Particles of a substance become solid when the forces of attraction are strong enough to hold them close together

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How do particles of a substance become a liquid?

Particles gain energy and begin to move faster when they are heated. Once they have enough thermal energy, they begin to slide past each other since the attraction is not strong enough to hold them together and turn into the liquid state. The particles are still close together but are able to flow past one another

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How do particles of a substance become a gaseous state.

As the heating continues, the particles gain so much energy that they fly apart and become the gaseous state. The particles are so far apart that their forces of attraction have barely any effect on their behaviour

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Element

pure substance that is made up of only one type of atom

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Diatomic Element

A molecule composed of the same atoms

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Compound

pure substance that are made up of two or more different types of elements

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Mechanical mixture - aka

(Heterogeneous mixture) When the substances in it are distinguishable from each other with just your eyes or a microscope
Eg. breakfast cereal

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Solutions - aka

(Homogeneous Mixture) Looks like a pure substance but has more than one type of particle
You can’t visually distinguish the different types of particles
Eg. Clear apple juice

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How to know if a liquid and gas mixture is mechanical

If a liquid and gas mixture looks murky or opaque it is a mechanical mixture (liquid and gas solutions are clear)

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Alloys are solutions or mechanical mixtures

Alloys are solutions

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How to calculate density, mass and volume

Density = mass/Volume
D = m/V

Mass = Density x Volume
Volume = Mass / Density

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GUESS

Given
Unknown
Equation
Substitute + Solve
Statement

Possible units for density

g/cm3
kg/m3
g/mL
kg/L

Physical properties

Characteristics of a substance that can be determined without changing the composition of that substance

Qualitative Properties

A property of a substance that is not measured and does not have a numerical value, such as colour, odour, and texture

Quantitative Properties

A property of a substance that is measured and has a numerical value, such as temperature, height, and mass

Chemical Properties

Characteristics of a substance determined when the composition of the substance is changed(ie. When it reacts with something)

Physical Change

The substance(atomic structure) remains the same even though it may change state. Physical change can usually be undone - Dissolving is a physical change

Chemical Change

The original substance is changed into a new substance(or substances), with new properties. Chemical changes can’t be undone

Types of physical properties(16)

Colour Texture Odour Lustre Clarity Taste State Density Hardness Melting Point Boiling Point Solubility Viscosity Malleability(metal) Ductility Electrical Conductivity

Colour

Qualitative

Texture

Qualitative

Odour

Qualitative

Lustre

How shiny or dull an object is

Clarity

How see through something is - transparent(totally clear); translucent(somewhat clear, still see through), opaque(not see through at all)

Taste

Qualitative

State

What state of matter or phase is it in

Density

How much mass is in a given volume

Hardness

How easily is it scratched?

Melting Point

The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas

Solubility

If it can or can’t dissolve into water

Viscosity

The thickness of a liquid; how a fluid flows. Eg. Syrup has high viscosity; water has low viscosity

Malleability

The ability of a substance to be flattened/bent

Ductility

The ability of a substance to be drawn out into a wire(ie. Think formation of a duct shape)

Electrical Conductivity

The ability of a substance to allow an electric current to pass through it

Examples of Chemical Properties (4)

Reacting with water Reacting with acids Reacting with bases Flammability

Clues that a chemical change has occurred(5)

1. A colour change 2. Heat or light is given off 3. Bubbles of gas are formed 4. A solid(precipitate) is formed 5. A change in odour(gas is produced)

Solid

holds shape, fixed volume

Liquid

takes shape of container, fixed volume

Gas

takes shape of container, takes up volume of container