Chapter 5: Psychoanalytic Approach Flashcards
Neo-Freudian Theory agreement with Freud: Unconscious
key determinant of behavior
Neo-Freudian Theory agreement with Freud: early childhood
Importance of early childhood experiences on personality but also emphasized later development
Neo-Freudian Theory agreement with Freud: accepted what?
of defense mechanisms and dream interpretation
Alder’s idea on humans strength
all humans are frail and weak
What is central to all personality development according to Adler?
developing feelings of inferiority
What can developing feelings of inferiority result in?
develop inferiority complex; state of hopelessness/helplessness
According to Adler, what can parenting styles lead to?
personality problems
Parenting styles: Pampering (Adler)
- too much attention/ protection
Parenting Styles: Pampering (Adler); as adults
- rebellious
- overly dependent
- entitled
- difficulty making decisions
Parenting Styles: Neglect (Adler)
not enough attention
Parenting Styles: Neglect (Adler); as adults
- lower self-esteem
- attention seeking
- co dependency
- difficulty forming relationships
- uncomfortable with intimacy
- cold and suspicious
Birth Order : First Borns
- initial attention from parents
- pampering = short lived
- very strong feelings of inferiority
- problem child = neurotic, criminal, drunk, pervert
Birth Order : Middle
- more positive assessment
- Never really pampered
- most well adjusted
- strong drive for superiority
- competition
Birth Order : Last
- pampering throughout life
- strong feelings of inferiority because everyone in their immediate environment is older and stronger
Jung’s levels of unconscious
Personal and Collective
Jung’s levels of unconscious : Personal
contains repressed thoughts, forgotten experiences and undeveloped ideas
Jung’s levels of unconscious: Collective
contains memories and behavior patterns inherited from past generations
Jung’s 3 most influential archetypes
- anima
- animus
- shadow
Anima Archetypes
- feminine archetype in the male
- when a male behaves in feminine-like ways
- e.g. nurturing characteristics normally associated with women
Animus Archetypes
masculine archetype in the female
Shadow Archetypes
- dark side of personality
- contains negative thoughts/desires; primitive and uncontrolled
- Similar to Freud’s Id
Ways Horney differed from Freud
- thought Freud overemphasized sexual desires
- environmental factors are the most important influence in shaping personality
According to Horney, anxiety is a stronger motivating force than what?
sexual desires
According to Horney, where and what does anxiety originated from
in childhood, and from parenting behavior
According to Horney, what are the results of neurotically infested homes?
children from these homes are afraid, fearful, insecure, confused and anxious
According to Horney, what are the neurotic styles?
- Moving toward people (submission)
- Moving against people (aggression)
- Moving away from people (detachment)
Submission
- emphasize helplessness
- dependent on others; seek acceptance
- as adults: need to be liked/ approved of
- in relationships: not givers, takers
- extremely clingy
Aggression
- handle anxiety by fighting
- push around/ hurt other people
- as adults: exploit others/want power
- no real relationships
- high need for power/control
- primary reason for relationships: get something out of it
Detachment
- tune out outside world
- strive for self-sufficiency and independence
- strong need for privacy
- as adults: avoid affection, love and friendship
- often described as numb to emotional experiences
Sullivan’s personifications
- Not me
- Bad me
- Good me
Sullivan’s personifications: Not Me is associated with what
extreme anxiety
Sullivan’s personifications: Not Me threatens what
aspects of self
Sullivan’s personifications: Not me can be compared to what
to Freud’s “Id”/ Repression defense mechanism
Sullivan’s personifications: Bad me is associated with what
anxiety
Sullivan’s personifications: Bad me organized around what
experiences with the mother that were not rewarding/disapproved of
Sullivan’s personifications: Bad me produces what
negative feelings
Sullivan’s personifications: Bad me helps what
understanding desirable/ appropriate behavior
Sullivan’s personifications: Bad me exists at what
the conscious level
Sullivan’s personifications: Good me includes what
positive, anxiety reducing characteristics
Sullivan’s personifications: Good me is organized around
experiences with the mother that were rewarding/ approved of
Sullivan’s personifications: Good me exists at what
the conscious level
Sullivan’s personifications: Good me what is someone more likely to develop
higher level of self-esteem
Strengths of Neo-Freudian theories
- Elaboration of Freud’s work
- Emphasized importance of personality development beyond early childhood
- Emphasis on social development
- More optimistic approach
Weakness of Neo-Freudian Threories
- Not much empirical work (systematic research)
- Reliance on earlier theorists
- Observations of small number of people: usually disturbed
