Ch. 6: Neo-Freudian Theories: Research

Question 1

Active-cognitive

Answer 1

• mentally oriented problem focused coping

- such as planning

Question 2

Active-behavioral

Answer 2

• action oriented problem focuses coping

- such as trying harder

Question 3

avoidance

Answer 3

• emotion focused coping that may involve using cognitive or behavioral strategies

Question 4

problem-focused

Answer 4

dealing with the perceived cause of the distress

Question 5

emotion-focused

Answer 5

managing the distress caused by the problem

Question 6

How they cope with stress: Repressors

Answer 6

• people who cope with health problems by ignoring or distancing themselves from stressful information

Question 7

what is distressing

Answer 7

thinking about potential disease and symptoms

Question 8

How they cope with stress: Sensitizers

Answer 8

• people who cope with health problems and other aversive events by closely scanning their bodies and environments for information
• want a lot of information, helps them cope

Question 9

Frustration- aggression hypothesis

Answer 9

theory that aggression is an automatic response to any blocking of goal-directed behavior

Question 10

catharsis

Answer 10

discharge of aggressive impulses

Question 11

reformulation of hypothesis (unpleasantness)

Answer 11

theory that any unpleasant stimulation will lead to emotional aggression to the extreme that it generates unpleasant feelings

Question 12

When people are asked what brings them happiness, what do they usually talk about?

Answer 12

their personal relationships

Question 13

What is one of the biggest sources of distress?

Answer 13

relationships

Question 14

What is one approach to studying relationships?

Answer 14

understanding adult romantic behavior begins by looking at very early childhood experiences

Question 15

Neo-freudians on adult relationships

Answer 15

how we relate to significant others as adults is a reflection of the relationship we had with our parents

Question 16

Object relations theorists first viewpoint

Answer 16

• emphasize on early childhood experiences

- interest in infant’s relationship with important people in their life

Question 17

Object relations theorists second viewpoint

Answer 17

• postulate that the child develops an unconscious representation of significant objects in his or her environment

Question 18

According to object relation theorists, the kind of attachment children feel with their parents influences what?

Answer 18

their ability to develop meaningful attachments with significant others as adults

Question 19

Object relations theory became the springboard for what

Answer 19

attachment theory

Question 20

Two biggest contributors to attachment theory

Answer 20

• John Bowlby

- Mary Ainsworth

Question 21

What did Bowlby and Ainsworth examine?

Answer 21

attachment relationships

Question 22

attachment relationships

Answer 22

emotional bonds between infants and their caregivers, usually their mothers

Question 23

What are the 3 types of parent-child relationships Ainsworth identified

Answer 23

• secure
• anxious ambivalent
• avoidant

Question 24

Secure infant-mother pairs

Answer 24

• mothers: attentive and responsible to their child
• infants: understand that mother is responsive and accessible even if she is not physically present
• children tend to be happy and self confident

Question 25

Anxious-ambivalent relationships

Answer 25

• mothers: not particularly attentive or responsive to the child’s needs
• children: anxious whenever mother leaves
• children are not easily calmed by other adults and may be afraid in unfamiliar situations

Question 26

Avoidant relationships

Answer 26

• mothers: not responsive to the child
• child: develop a type of aloofness (distanciamiento) or emotional detachment from their mother
• children do not become anxious when mother leaves

Question 27

Adult attachment styles: secure

Answer 27

• little difficulty getting close to others

- easily trust and depend on those they become romantically involved with

Question 28

Adult attachment styles: avoidant

Answer 28

• suspicious of those who said they love them, who fear that getting to close means making themselves vulnerable
• wary of making emotional commitments for fear of being hurt by the inevitable separation

Question 29

Adult attachment styles: Anxious-ambivalent

Answer 29

• so insecure about the partner’s love they become demanding and sometimes overwhelming in their relationships
• may require so much attention that they scare away potential romantic partners