Chapter 5: Principles Of Water Flashcards
For fire protection purposes, _______ is 62.4 lb/ft3.
Water density
Water may also be used to smother fires in combustible liquids whose specific gravity is higher than ______.
1
Water is a solid at ______.
32°F
Water is a liquid at _______.
32°F to 212°F
Water is a gas above _____.
212°F
The greater the _______ of water exposed, the more rapidly heat is absorbed.
Surface area
At 212°F, water converted to steam occupies approximately _______ times its original volume.
1,700
__________: Force per unit area exerted by a liquid or gas measured in pounds per square inch
Pressure
__________: A simple measure of weight, usually expressed in pounds or kilograms.
Force
How many principles of pressure are there?
6
The first principle of pressure states fluid pressure is _______ to any surface on which it acts.
Perpendicular
The second principle of pressure states fluid pressure at a point in fluid at rest is the same ________ in all directions
Intensity
The third principle of pressure-pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted ________ in all directions.
Equally
Fourth principle of pressure-the pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to its_______.
Depth
Fifth principal of pressure-the pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to the ________ of the liquid.
Density
The sixth principle of pressure-the pressure of a liquid at the bottom of the vessel is __________ of the shape of the vessel
Independent
Atmospheric pressure is greatest at ________ and least at________.
Low altitudes
High altitudes
Atmospheric pressure at sea level is ______ psi, which is considered standard atmospheric pressure.
14.7
_________: A pressure that is somewhat less than atmospheric pressure; needed to facilitate drafting of water from a static source.
Vacuum
Absolute zero pressure is called a________.
Perfect vacuum
_________: The height of water supply above the discharge orifice.
Head pressure
__________: stored potential energy available to force water through pipes, fittings, and adapters.
Static pressure
_________: The pressure found in a water distribution system during normal consumption demands.
Normal operating pressure
__________: pressure at the test while water is flowing; the pressure remains in the water supply system while the test water is flowing and is the part of the total pressure that is not used to overcome friction or gravity while forcing water through pipes, fittings, and adapters.
Residual pressure