Chapter 20: Areial Apparatus Stategies and Tactics Flashcards
In an ideal situation, the best rescue approach is made from _______, on _______ ground, and without _______.
Upwind
Level
Obstructions
Name the 2 advantages to positioning the aerial device on the corner of a building.
You can potentially reach victims on two sides of the building
You are potentially safer on the corner if a structure collapse occurs
If a rescue is to be made from an area threatened by fire, the preferred procedure is to use a ________ to cool and/or protect the aerial device and personnel while the rescue operation is in progress.
Wide-angle fog stream
The plan for getting a victim into an aerial platform will determine _________ of an apparatus with an elevated platform.
Placement
If the victim is to be lifted over the top rail, the driver should position the apparatus so that the turntable is __________ with the target.
Directly in line
In situations that require apparatus for rescue, the main objective is to reach _________ as possible with a minimum number of ________.
As many victims or points of egress
Ariel movements
What are the levels of victim rescue priority: (4)
Most severely threatened
Largest number of groups/people
Remainder of people in the hazard area
People in exposed areas
When raising an aerial device to victims, the best position is one in which the extended and rotated device is _________ to the objective.
Perpendicular
If an aerial ladder is designed to be used in the unsupported position, the tip should be placed ________ the target spot.
Above
If used in a supported position, the best position is when both rails are _______ with the supporting object
Evenly in contact
When maneuvering an aerial device to reach a victim, the aerial device should initially be aimed _______ the victim and then _______. This is due to the possibility of the victim ______.
Above
Lowered
Jumping
Once an aerial device is in place for a rescue, engage the _________. This increases the overall strength and reduces the chance of failure.
Extension locks
When using an aerial ladder to rescue a victim from a window, first rung of the ladder tip should be placed ________.
Even with the windowsill
When removing trapped victims from the roof, the tip of the aerial ladder should be placed so that at least ______ feet extends above the edge of the roof.
6
When rescuing victims off parapet style roofs, it may be necessary to use _______ to get over the parapet
Roof ladders
_________: vertical extension of an exterior wall, and sometimes an interior firewall, above the roofline of a building.
Parapet wall
When dealing with parapets, ________ aerial devices are advantageous over ________ devices.
Articulating
Telescoping
When two or more firefighters are available to rescue victims from an elevated position using an aerial device, one firefighter should assist the victims from ______ while the other remains _________.
Inside the building
On the tip of the ladder
When rescuing victims from an elevated position using an aerial device, carrying victims down a ladder is _______.
A LAST RESORT
When removing victims from elevated positions, the “knee-sit” method is best used for ________
Heavier persons who are conscious
This method of rescuing victims from an elevated position using aerial devices is the most difficult and most risky.
Over-the-shoulder carry
A potentially severe and damaging _______ can be created when victims jump into a platform
Dynamic load
When providing access for ventilating a flat roof, the driver should position the aerial apparatus on the ________ side of the structure as close as possible to the area being ventilated.
Unburned
If firefighters cannot safely operate on the roof, _______ or _______ ventilation can be accomplished with the aerial devices.
Horizontal
Cross
_________ are the actual procedures and actions taken to successfully carry out the strategies.
Tactics
Elevated master streams are most commonly used in _________.
Defensive operations
Elevated master steams may be used to: (3)
Directly attacked the fire
Cool embers and gases within the thermal column
Protect exposures
Positioning the apparatus at the ________ of the building decreases the chance of damage to the truck.
Corners
When applying water from an aerial master stream, the driver needs to know: (3)
The volume to be delivered
The type of stream to be used
The placement of the stream
When using an elevated master stream in a blitz attack, the ultimate goal will be to place the nozzle in the _______ of the window opening so that the fire stream may be directed ________.
Lower portion
Upward towards the ceiling
When crews are working inside the building, never perform external fire attacks using ________.
Master streams
The aerial device may be used as a master stream closer to ground level. The driver should position your the apparatus so that the turntable is ________ with the intended target.
Directly in line
A recommended tactic is to direct master stream at ________ the of the target area. This will penetrate the area without disturbing the thermal layering.
Ceiling
________ streams provide wider coverage. They are also able to break up the water to allow better steam conversion
Fog
Some drawbacks to fog streams are that they do not provide the _________ and __________. They may be adversely influenced by winds, and water may be converted to steam before ever reaching the seat of the fire.
Reach
Penetration
__________ streams provide excellent penetration. They are able to reach longer distances and provide the power needed to reach the seat of the fire
Solid
The drawback to solid streams is that they are not as effective for rapid ___________.
Steam conversion
___________: to aggressively attack a fire from the exterior with a large diameter fire stream.
Blitz Attack
Blitz attacks are often conducted when the fire is on ________ and while firefighters are preparing to enter the building.
Upper stories
The best way to affect the blitz attack with an elevated master stream is to try to ___________ of the fire room.
Deflect water off the ceiling
Water adds weight to the structure at a rate of _________ pounds for every _______ GPM.
2,000
250
____________ could contribute to the collapse of an already fire-weakened structure.
Water weight
The objective of the defensive attack is to _______ the fire within a specific area.
Contain
Indicators of a potential defensive attack are: (3)
Fire/building conditions that prohibit safely advancing handlines into the building
The IC ops to sacrifice part of the building to the fire
Large amounts of water needed to extinguish the fire
_____________ at the incident will dictate what type of stream to be used.
Fire conditions
Using the aerial as an __________ to upper floors is a tactic that can eliminate difficult hose lays up interior stairwells.
Exterior standpipe
Using the elevated standpipe as an exterior standpipe is an effective tactic for the following types of fires: (4)
Parking garages
Building roofs
Bridges/overpasses
Building under construction were standpipe system is not available
Conditions that may affect exposure hazards include the following: (6)
Weather
Fuel
Topography
Building construction
Spacing between the fire building and the exposure
Intensity of the fire
The type of _________ and the ________ of the exposure to the fire also affects a chance of the exposure catching fire.
Construction
Proximity
Keep in mind that the __________ must be considered an exposure hazard.
Apparatus itself
Because ________ heat is transmitted through water, directing fire streams into the air between the fire and the exposure will not reduce the chance of the exposure catching fire.
Radiant
Water applied _________ more effectively absorbs the heat energy and reduces its ability to catch fire.
Directly on the exposure
Protection from _____________ fire spread can be accomplished by applying large fog streams into the thermal column.
Convection
____________ may reduce the chance of burning embers traveling through the air and igniting other structures.
Fog streams
The practice of _________ using from an aerial platform is dependent upon the availability of water, required flow, and number of firefighters available to monitor the application.
2 nozzles
There should always be an _______ in the event that fire conditions worsen and exposure protection operations must be abandoned.
Exit route
In exposure protection operations, _________ patterns are generally used to cover the involved area.
Wide sweeping nozzle
Do not operate elevated master streams in __________ at any time.
Natural ventilation openings
Fog patterns may not work due to: (3)
Wind
Distance
Extensive heat
The first option for rescuing victims from an aircraft are with the _________ or ________.
Escape chutes
Slides at exit openings
Second best option for rescuing victims from an aircraft is to __________ at the exit doors of the aircraft.
Place a set of portable stairs
The third best option for rescuing victims from an aircraft is to use the ________.
Aerial device
All ladders should be positioned to the _______ of entry doors.
Aft (rear)
