Chapter 5 Practice Test

Question 1

Individuals who temporarily share the same physical space but who do not see themselves as belonging together are a:

a. category. c. secondary group.
b. primary group. d. aggregate.

Answer 1

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Question 2

People who share similar characteristics but do not interact or take one another into account are a:

a. category b. aggregate.
c. social group. d. network.

Answer 2

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Question 3

The members of a ________ think of themselves as belonging together and they interact with one another.

a. category c. out-group
b. group d. aggregate

Answer 3

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Question 4

Which type of group provides intimate, face-to-face interaction and a feeling of who we are?

a. aggregate c. secondary group
b. primary group d. category

Answer 4

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Question 5

Of the following characteristics, which one is least applicable to secondary groups?

a. personal and face-to-face c. common interest or activity
b. large and anonymous d. formal

Answer 5

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Question 6

The term “iron law of oligarchy” was coined by:

a. Robert Michels. c. Irving Janis.
b. Rosabeth Kanter. d. Clark Griswald.

Answer 6

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Question 7

Out-groups are:

a. groups who practice the values of mainstream society in an outstanding manner.
b. groups supporting rebellion against mainstream values.
c. groups towards which a particular person or group feels antagonism.
d. groups towards which a particular person or group feels loyalty.

Answer 7

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Question 8

The groups we use as standards to evaluate ourselves are called:

a. primary groups. b. reference groups.
c. voluntary groups. d. looking-glass groups.

Answer 8

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Question 9

Ties that extend outward from an individual, gradually encompassing more and more people including professional contacts, friends, friends of friends, and mere acquaintances comprise:

a. the small world phenomenon. c. the hidden universe.
b. an electronic community. d. a social network.

Answer 9

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Question 10

The small world phenomenon was an experiment conducted by Stanley Milgram featuring participants who acted as:

a. prisoners and guards. c. senders and receivers.
b. students and teachers. d. supervisors and employees.

Answer 10

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Question 11

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the bureaucracy?

a. Assignments flow down the chain of command and accountability flows upward.
b. A division of labor where each worker has a specific task to fulfill.
c. Written rules and well kept records.
d. Personal attention and a feeling of being irreplaceable to the organization.

Answer 11

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Question 12

The first theorist to identify the essential characteristics of an “ideal” bureaucracy was:
a. August Comte. b. Karl Marx. c. Max Weber. d. Emile Durkheim.

Answer 12

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Question 13

To achieve more efficient results, bureaucracies shift the emphasis from ________ to _____________.

a. Ritualism/personal service c. alienation/satisfaction
b. personal loyalties/the bottom line d. goal displacement/achievement

Answer 13

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Question 14

Marx termed the reaction of workers to being treated only according to roles and rules as:

a. positivism. b. determinism.
c. alienation. d. false consciousness.

Answer 14

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Question 15

Which of the following contains hidden values that create a self-fulfilling prophecy that affects people’s corporate careers?

a. resistance b. bureaucracy
c. alienation d. corporate culture

Answer 15

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Question 16

Coined by Max Weber, the term that means bureaucracies would increasingly govern our lives through rules, regulations, and emphasis on results is:

a. bureaucratic ritualism. c. the hidden corporate curriculum.
b. the rationalization of society. d. bureaucratic alienation.

Answer 16

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Question 17

Which of the following is not one of the five ways Japanese corporations differ from United States corporations as pinpointed by William Ouchi?

a. Specialization is encouraged in Japanese industry to stay on top of technology.
b. Lifetime security within the Japanese company is taken for granted.
c. In Japan, work is like a marriage with worker and company committed to one another.
d. Decision making is done by consensus, each person affected by a decision is consulted.

Answer 17

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Question 18

The sociologist who addressed small group dynamics in his research in the early 1900’s was:

a. Herbert Spencer. c. Talcott Parsons.
b. Georg Simmel. d. Karl Marx.

Answer 18

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Question 19

A newlywed couple is an example of a:

a. triad. b. dyad. c. secondary group. d. bureaucracy.

Answer 19

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Question 20

The least stable type of group is a:

a. triad. b. out-group. c. dyad. d. primary group.

Answer 20

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Question 21

As a small group grows larger, it becomes more _______, but its ___________decreases.

a. stable/intimacy b. intensity/stable
c. populated/membership d. diversity/flexibility

Answer 21

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Question 22

Another name for the socioemotional leader is the:

a. instrumental leader. c. democratic leader.
b. laissez-faire leader. d. expressive leader.

Answer 22

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Question 23

Which type of leader tries to keep the group moving toward its goals?

a. Instrumental leader b. Laissez-faire leader
c. Democratic leader d. expressive leader

Answer 23

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Question 24

The classic experiment on group conformity involving a comparison of the length of lines was conducted by:

a. Solomon Asch. c. Rosabeth Kanter.
b. Stanley Milgram. d. Georg Simmel.

Answer 24

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Question 25

The term that refers to collective tunnel vision coined by Irving Janis is:

a. groupthink. c. group polarization.
b. bureaucratic ritualism. d. bureaucratic solidarity.

Answer 25

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