Chapter 3 Practice Test

Question 1

In the “nature vs. nurture” debate, “nature” refers to:

a. heredity. c. the environment.
b. personality. d. intellect.

Answer 1

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Question 2

In the “nature vs. nurture” debate, “nurture” refers to:

a. heredity. c. an individual’s IQ.
b. the social environment. d. an individual’s genealogy.

Answer 2

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Question 3

___________ describe those found in the woods who walk on all fours and cannot speak.

a. Foster children
b. Impulsive children
c. Feral children
d. All of these choices

Answer 3

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Question 4

The case of Jack and Oskar teaches us:

a. the far reaching effects of the environment.
b. how biology overrides social experiences.
c. the importance of genetic heredity.
d. to dismiss the role of society in personal development.

Answer 4

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Question 5

We can conclude from the Harlow experiment that:

a. humans are very similar to monkeys.
b. instinct is the only motivating force in monkeys.
c. monkeys lack the ability to go through a socialization process.
d. the longer the monkeys were isolated the more difficult it was for them to adjust to normal monkey life.

Answer 5

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Question 6

The Looking Glass Self-concept was the creation of:

a. George Herbert Mead. c. Jean Piaget.
b. Charles Horton Cooley. d. Sigmund Freud.

Answer 6

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Question 7

The Looking Glass Self is based on the premise that we develop a sense of self from:

a. interaction with others.
b. by the type of movies and television we watch.
c. our genetic makeup.
d. our unconscious personality.

Answer 7

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Question 8

According to Mead, __________________ refers to our perception of how people as a whole think of us.
a. significant others c. generalized others b. reference groups d. out-groups

Answer 8

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Question 9

In Mead’s theory of development, the “I” is the:

a. self we are aware of. b. self as social object.
c. outwardly directed part of the self. d. spontaneous, creative part of the self.

Answer 9

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Question 10

From the age of about 3 to 6, children pretend to take the role of specific people. According to Mead, this stage is called:
a. imitation. b. play. c. game. d. reference group.

Answer 10

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Question 11

Jean Piaget focused on studying how children develop:

a. the ability to understand language.
b. the ability to read.
c. the ability to perform mathematical equations.
d. the ability to reason.

Answer 11

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Question 12

The first stage proposed by Piaget, in which the child’s understanding is limited to direct contact with the environment, such as touching, seeing, and listening, is called the:

a. preoperational stage. c. concrete operational stage.
b. sensorimotor stage. d. early development stage.

Answer 12

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Question 13

What term does Sigmund Freud use to represent the “culture within us,” the norms and
values we have internalized for our social groups?
a.id b. superego c. Eros d. ego

Answer 13

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Question 14

____________ represents the social group into which we are born, transmitting norms and values that restrain our biological drives.

a. components of personality. c. socialization.
b. generalized others. d. instrumental relationships.

Answer 14

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Question 15

Which of the following represents individuals of roughly the same age who are linked by common interests?

a. a peer group c. marital partners
b. family d. a subgroup

Answer 15

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Question 16

According to a study by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the more time a child spends in day care:

a. the more cooperative the child is in the home and at day care.
b. the stronger the bond between the child and their mother.
c. the fewer behavior problems the child exhibits at home.
d. the higher the scores on language tests.

Answer 16

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Question 17

During a typical week, _________ Americans attend a religious service.

a. one in four b. two in five
c. half of all d. all

Answer 17

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Question 18

The concept that addresses learning to play a role before actually entering it is:

a. anticipatory socialization c. ethnomethodology
b. resocialization d. functional analysis

Answer 18

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Question 19

Which of the following is least accurate when describing the total institution?

a. Total institutions are a powerful agent of socialization.
b. People in total institutions are in a place where they are cut off from the rest of society.
c. Although isolated, members of a total institution retain their individuality and dignity.
d. Boot camps, prisons, and convents are examples of total institutions.

Answer 19

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Question 20

The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors is:

a. degradation. b. resocialization.
c. leveling. d. anticipatory socialization.

Answer 20

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Question 21

An attempt to strip a person of his or her identity, so as to make a new identity:

a. is exemplified by one’s being allowed to keep their personal identity kit.
b. applies to all institutions of society.
c. is an example of a positive sanction.
d. is part of a degradation ceremony.

Answer 21

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Question 22

Stages we experience from birth to death are called:

a. the life course. b. social locations.
c. statuses. d. socialization.

Answer 22

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Question 23

Which statement is least true of the life course?

a. It includes a series of stages from birth to death.
b. Each stage a person passes through affects their behavior and orientation.
c. Everyone’s life course will differ based upon his or her social location.
d. The life course is basically the same for males and females of the same age and social location.

Answer 23

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Question 24

Which statement best describes adolescence?

a. Human nature makes this a time filled with inner turmoil.
b. Contemporary society, not biology, makes this a time of inner turmoil.
c. In postindustrial societies children are treated as adults.
d. It is a natural age division separating innocence from responsibility.

Answer 24

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Question 25

Which statement best describes socialization?

a. Sociologists view most behavior as a robotic response to life.
b. People cannot help what they do because all behavior is linked to socializing agents.
c. Behavior is fairly predictable if one can isolate a child and expose them to only certain agents of socialization.
d. Humans have the power to change their behavior and concept of self by purposely exposing themselves to different social frameworks.

Answer 25

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