Chapter 5 power point

Question 1

Factors that generally enter the discretion equation in any particular situation.

Answer 1

1: The nature of the criminal act.
2The attitude of the wrongdoer toward the officer.
3The relationship between the victim and the offender can influence the outcome.
4 department policy

Question 2

Bureaucracy

Answer 2

A hierarchically-structured administrative organization that carries out specific functions.
Formal rules govern individual’s actions and relationships with employees.

ultimate goal is to reach maxiumum efficiency

Question 3

Each police department is organized according to its environment
what are some of the characteristics of these environments? 3

Answer 3

The size of its jurisdiction.
The type of crimes it must deal with.
the demographics of the population it polices

Question 4

Delegation of Authority:

Answer 4

The principles of command on which most police departments are based, in which personnel take orders from and are responsible to those in positions of power directly above them.

Question 5

Span of control:

Answer 5

Number of subordinates a superior officer can effectively manage.
for a police sergent :8-10 officers

Question 6

Also known as “operations” or “line services,” field services include:

Answer 6

Also known as “operations” or “line services,” field services include:
Patrol activities
Investigations
Special operations

Question 7

The Purpose of Patrol

Answer 7

1The deterrence of crime by maintaining a visible police presence.
2The maintenance of public order and a sense of security in the community.
3 the twenty-four-hour provision of services that are not crime related

Question 8

Four general categories of routine patrol officer activity:

Answer 8

1. Preventive patrol
2. Calls for service
3. Administrative duties
4. Officer-initiated activities

Question 9

Detective

Answer 9

the primary police investigator

Question 10

Undercover Operations:

Answer 10

undercover officers are commonly used to infiltrate large-scale narcotics operations or those run by organized crime

Question 11

whats a CI

Answer 11

A CI is a person who is involved in criminal activity and gives information about that activity and those who engage in it to the police.

Question 12

With preventive policing:

Answer 12

The goal is to prevent the crime from happening in the first place.

Question 13

Entrapment

Answer 13

a possible defence for criminal behavior when a government agent plants the idea of committing a crime in the defendants mind

Question 14

Cold cases

Answer 14

The length of time before a case becomes “cold” varies from department to department. In general, a cold case must be “somewhat old” but not “so old that there can be no hope of ever solving it.”
*cold case investigations rarely succeed

Question 15

Forensic experts apply their knowledge to items found at the crime scene to determine crucial facts such as

Answer 15

• the cause of death or injury
• The time of death or injury.
• The type of weapon or weapons used.
• The identity of the crime victim.
• the identify of the offender

Question 16

Ballistic is the study of

Answer 16

firearms, including the firing of the weapon and the flight of the bullet

Question 17

A bloodstain pattern analyst can learn a great deal about a violent crime by what

Answer 17

by examining where blood landed at the scene, the size and consistency of the drops, and the pattern of the blood spatter.

Question 18

Fingerprints are they reliable

Answer 18

Because no two fingerprints are alike, they are considered reliable sources of identification.

Question 19

what is AFIS and what does it do

Answer 19

Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) is used for criminal identification and has become central to the work of police and other law enforcement agencies worldwide.

Question 20

genetic blueprint” or “code” for every living organism.

Answer 20

DNA

Question 21

DNA is useful in criminal investigations because

Answer 21

no two people have the same genetic code except for identical twins

Question 22

cold hit occurs when

Answer 22

law enforcement finds a suspect “out of nowhere” by comparing DNA evidence from a crime scene against the contents of a database.

Question 23

the largest and most important database is the

Answer 23

National Combined DNA Index System (CODIS).

Question 24

what is CAD

Answer 24

computer-aided dispatch (CAD) systems to manage their incidence response strategies.

Question 25

how does CAD Work

Answer 25

With CAD, a 911 dispatcher enters the information from a caller into his or her computer, which prioritizes the emergency based on its nature.
CAD also verifies the caller’s address and phone number and determines the closest patrol unit to the site of the emergency.

Question 26

Directed Patrol:

Answer 26

Directed patrols target specific areas of a city and often attempt to prevent a specific type of crime.

Question 27

hot spots

Answer 27

The target areas for directed patrols are often called hot spots because they contain greater numbers of criminals and have higher-than-average levels of victimization.

Question 28

crime mapping and the purpose of them

Answer 28

Crime mapping uses geographic information systems (GIS) to track criminal acts as they occur in time and space.
The target areas for directed patrols are often called hot spots because they contain greater numbers of criminals and have higher-than-average levels of victimization.

Question 29

Reactive arrests:

Answer 29

Arrests made by police officers, usually on general patrol, who observe a criminal act or respond to a call for service.

Question 30

Proactive arrests:

Answer 30

Occur when the police take the initiative to target a particular type of criminal or behavior.

associated with directed patrols and broken window theory

Question 31

Broken Windows Theory

Answer 31

Wilson and Kelling’s theory that a neighborhood in disrepair signals that criminal activity is tolerated in the area.

Question 32

Community policing:

Answer 32

An approach that promotes community-police partnerships, proactive problem solving, community engagement to address issues such as fear of crime and the causes of such fear in a particular area.

Question 33

Socialization

Answer 33

The process through which a police officer is taught the values and expected behavior of the police subculture.

Question 34

Nondeadly force:

Answer 34

the concept of reasonable force, and it is the most used by law enforcement

Question 35

Deadly force:

Answer 35

Deadly force is force that an objective police officer realizes will place the subject in direct threat of serious injury or death.

Question 36

the fleeing felon rule

Answer 36

when a law enforcement officer is pursuing a fleeing suspect, the officer may not use deadly force to prevent escape unless “the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses .

Question 37

Tennessee v garner case

Answer 37

suspect poses no immediate threat to the officer and no threat to others, the use of deadly force is unjustified…. It is not better that all felony suspects die than that they escape.

Question 38

Racial Profiling

Answer 38

The practice of targeting people for police action based solely on their race, ethnicity, or national origin.

Question 39

Civil Rights Violations:

Answer 39

Involves denial of the rights afforded to all citizens by the U.S. Constitution not to be discriminated against on the basis of race.

Question 40

police corruption

Answer 40

as the misuse of authority by a law enforcement officer “in a manner designed to produce personal gain.”

Question 41

three basic, traditional types of police corruption:

Answer 41

1 Bribery, in which the police officer accepts money or other forms of payment in exchange for favors.
2 Shakedowns, in which an officer attempts to coerce money or goods from a citizen or criminal.
3 mooching in which the police officer accepts free gifts

Question 42

ethical dilemma is defined as a situation in which law enforcements___

Answer 42

• Do not know the right course of action;
• Have difficulty doing what they consider to be right; and/or
• find the wrong choice very tempting

Question 43

Noble cause corruption occurs when

Answer 43

“officers do bad things because they believe the outcomes will be good.”

Question 44

examples of noble cause corruption i

Answer 44

planting evidence or lying in court to help convict someone the officer knows to be guilty

Question 45

four categories of ethical dilemmas

Answer 45

discretion, duty, honesty, and loyalty.

Question 46

law enforcement administrators can encourage ethical policing by:

Answer 46

Incorporating ethics into the department’s mission statement.
Conducting internal training sessions in ethics.
Accepting “honest mistakes” and helping the officer learn from those mistakes.
adopting a zero-tolerance policy toward unethical decisions when the mistakes are not so honest

Question 47

Duty

Answer 47

A police officers moral sense that she or he should behave in a certain manner