Chapter 5 Phonetics (terms and definitions)

Question 1

phonetics

Answer 1

study of speech sounds

Question 2

acoustic phonetics

Answer 2

physical properties

Question 3

auditory phonetics

Answer 3

perception

Question 4

articulatory phonetics

Answer 4

production

Question 5

What IPA stands for?

Answer 5

International phonetic association (1888, France)

Question 6

Diacritics

Answer 6

additions/minor modifications (length, nasalization, stress, etc)

Question 7

Bilabial

Answer 7

both lips (p, b, m)

Question 8

labiodental

Answer 8

lips + teeth (f, v)

Question 9

interdental

Answer 9

tongue behind front teeth (sound teeth, they)

Question 10

Alveolar

Answer 10

Tongue flat in front palate (t, d, n, s, z, l, r)

Question 11

Palatal

Answer 11

Tongue middle palate (sh, ch, j)

Question 12

velar

Answer 12

Tongue back palate (k,g, w, “gn” n special)

Question 13

glottal

Answer 13

glottal (h)

Question 14

manner of articulation

Answer 14

vocal cords may or may not vibrate

Question 15

Voiced sound

Answer 15

vocal cords vibrate

Question 16

Airstream mechanism

Answer 16

pulmonic sound/egressive

Question 17

voiceless sound

Answer 17

vocal cords don’t vibrate

Question 18

Oral sounds

Answer 18

velum block the aire from escaping the nose (p, b, t, k, d, g)

Question 19

nasal sounds

Answer 19

air passes through the nose (m, n, n special) *
Mouth stays close

Question 20

Stops (nasal or oral)

Answer 20

Air stream is blocked for a brief period

Question 21

fricatives

Answer 21

air is obstructed partially

Question 22

Affricates

Answer 22

stop closure + slow release (church, judge)

Question 23

liquids

Answer 23

Some obstruction in the month, but not enough to create friction (l, r)

Question 24

Glides

Answer 24

rapid movement of the tongue, little obstruction in the mouth (j, w)

Question 25

rounded vowels

Answer 25

lips are rounded

Question 26

tense

Answer 26

longer in duration (i =beet)

Question 27

lax

Answer 27

shorter in duration (I =hit)

Question 28

pitch of our voice

Answer 28

how fast the vocal cords vibrate

Question 29

diphthongs

Answer 29

vowels + glide (aj =buy, aw =out, c à l’envers j =boy)

Question 30

broad transcription

Answer 30

enough detail to distinguish one morpheme from another

Question 31

narrow transcription

Answer 31

includes additional features (like aspiration with the little h, stress or vowels)

Question 32

prosodic features

Answer 32

Length, pitch, stress

Question 33

Intonation languages

Answer 33

falling pitch (signals completeness) vs rising pitch (signals of incompleteness)
intonation may contrast meanings of sentences

Question 34

Syllable-timed

Answer 34

syllables take equal amount of time to pronounce (french)

Question 35

stress-timed

Answer 35

different length of time per syllable (english)