Chapter 2 Morphology: the words of language

Question 1

Morphology

Answer 1

Study of internal structure of words and how they are formed

Question 2

Morphemes

Answer 2

The minimal unit of linguistic meaning or grammatical function

Question 3

Derivational morphemes

Answer 3

new meaning is derived
(happy –> unhappy)

Question 4

inflectional morpheme

Answer 4

never change the syntactic category, gives grammar info
(sails, sailing, sailed, sail)

Question 5

root

Answer 5

Lexical content morpheme: can’t be analyzed in smaller parts

Question 6

word

Answer 6

know its form (sound) + its meaning = arbitrary

Question 7

stem

Answer 7

word before inflectional
Root or affix root

Question 8

Prefixes

Answer 8

Affix before

Question 9

suffixes

Answer 9

affix after

Question 10

infixes

Answer 10

affix middle

Question 11

circumfixes

Answer 11

affix around stems or root

Question 12

Free root

Answer 12

word that has 1 morpheme
Works alone
Car, cat, red

Question 13

bound root

Answer 13

Cannot stand alone, meaning combined with another morpheme
ex: (per)ceive
ex: huckle(berry)

Question 14

Bound affixes (affixes are always bound)

Answer 14

They can’t stand alone
ex: (lead)er = er can’t be alone
ex: (Sad)ly = ly can’t be alone

Question 15

Content words

Answer 15

denotes concepts (objects, actions, attributes, ideas)
Nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs

Question 16

Function words

Answer 16

grammatical function
conjunctions, prepositions, articles, pronouns, aux verbs

Question 17

Content words are closed or open class?

Answer 17

open class: (add new words to this class)

Question 18

Function words are open or closed class?

Answer 18

closed: we can’t add new words

Question 19

By which processes the formations of words can occur (10)?

Answer 19

1- Compounding
2- Conversion
3- blending
4-Clipping
5- False etymology
6- Word coining
7- Semantic shifts
8- Acronyms
9- Borrowing
10- back-formation

Question 20

1-Compounding

Answer 20

Put two words together=create a new word
ex: black + board = blackboard

Question 21

2-conversion

Answer 21

Change of grammatical function without altering its form
ex: to run (verb) run (noun)

Question 22

3-blending

Answer 22

Merging two parts of a word
ex: brunch = breakfast + lunch

Question 23

4-clipping

Answer 23

Shortening of words to reduce it
ex: mathematics = math
ex: gasoline = gas

Question 24

5-False etymology

Answer 24

Words misanalyzed
ex: Hamburger

Question 25

6-Word coining

Answer 25

Inventions
ex: granola, google, zap, jell-O, Kleenex

Question 26

7-Semantic shifts

Answer 26

Meaning is radically different from the original use
ex: gay before: joyous, happy today: sexual orientation

Question 27

8- Acronyms

Answer 27

Combine first letter of words to create a word
ex: FOMO: Fear Of Missing Out
ex: ASAP: As Soon As Possible
ex: UNESCO, UNICEF

Question 28

9- Borrowing

Answer 28

Words from another language
ex: Prairie, croissant

Question 29

10- Back-formation

Answer 29

reverse process is applied to create a new word or convert nouns to verbs
ex: teacher = teach
ex: edit = editor
ex: butter (the bread), ship (the package)