Chapter 5 Part II (p.248-254)

Question 1

Sources of Prejudice & Discrimination (p.248)

Answer 1

• Projection
• Frustration-Aggression
• Countering Insecurity and Inferiority
• Authoritarianism
• History
• Competition & Exploitation
• Socialization Patterns
• Belief in the One True Religion
• White Supremacy

Question 2

Projection

Answer 2

a psychological defense mechanism in which one attributes to others characteristics that one is willing to recognize oneself.

Question 3

Frustration-Aggression

Answer 3

Displacing anger or aggression onto a scapegoat- which may be a particular person or a group of ppl

Question 4

Countering Insecurity and Inferiority

Answer 4

desire to counter feelings of insecurity or inferiority.

Question 5

Authoritarianism

Answer 5

authoritarian personality-inflexible and rigid and has a low tolerance for uncertainty. views members of minority groups as being unconventional, degrades them, and tends to express authoritarianism through prejudice and discrimination.

Question 6

History

Answer 6

groups now viewed by white prejudiced persons as being second class are groups that have been either conquered, enslaved, or admitted into our society on a subordinate basis. (Ie. African Americans as slaves)

Question 7

Competition & Exploitation

Answer 7

White using power to exploit non-whites through cheap labor -ie. sweatshop factory laborers, migrant farmhands, etc.

Question 8

Socialization Patterns

Answer 8

prejudice is a learned phenomenon and is transmitted from generation to generation through socialization processes.

Question 9

Belief in the One True Religion

Answer 9

Belief that an individuals religion is the one true religion- they will go to heaven and everyone who believes in a different religion is a heathen who will be eternally damned

Question 10

White Supremacy

Answer 10

the belief, and promotion of the belief, that white people are superior to people of other racial backgrounds.

Often used to describe a political ideology that advocates the social and political dominance of whites.

Question 11

Evaluation of Discrimination Theories

Answer 11

all theories assert that the causative factors of prejudice are in the personality and experiences of the person holding the prejudice, and not in the character of the group against whom the prejudice is directed. ie. Hartley experiment (p.250)

Question 12

Impacts of racial discrimination I

Answer 12

Being discr. against = more difficult to obtain adequate housing, financial resources, a quality education, employment, ad health care and other services, equal justice in civil criminal cases, etc.

Question 13

Psychological Impacts of discrimination

Answer 13

“looking glass self” (our idea of who we are) largely determined by the way others relate to us. & discrim may impede on that. young children = low self esteem

Question 14

Victim system

Answer 14

a circular feedback process that exhibits properties such as stability, predictability, and identity that are common to all systems

Question 15

Victim system 1

Answer 15

barriers to opportunity and education limit the chance for achievement, employment and attainment of skills

Question 16

Victim system 2

Answer 16

limitation can lead to poverty or stress in relationships, which interferes with adequate performance of family roles

Question 17

Victim system 3

Answer 17

strains in family roles cause problems in individual growth and development and limit opportunities of families to meet their own needs or to organize to improve their communities

Question 18

Victim system 4

Answer 18

communities limited in resources are unable to support families properly and the community often becomes an active disorganizing influ- crime and other pathology and cause even more powerlessness

Question 19

Costs of discr on the majority group

Answer 19

-impairs intergroup cooperation & communication
-contributes to social problems among minorities
(crime, emotional probs, AoD probs) which cost billions in soc programs
-discrim may be a barrier to collective action (ie unions) among whites and non-whites
-perpetuates low paying jobs and poverty

Question 20

Errors in thinking found to be common among the criminal population- racial discrimination based on criminal thinking

Answer 20

power thrust
ownership
failure to consider injury to others
lack of empathy
good person self image
closed channel thinking
victim stance
disregard for responsible performance
lack of a time perspective
fear of fear
lack of trust (p. 251)

Question 21

power thrust

Answer 21

inflates low self esteem by viewing him/herself as all powerful, unique, must come first and force others to meet those needs. rejects legitimate authority

Question 22

ownership

Answer 22

extreme form of control over others based on the criminal’s attitude that his or her rights are unlimited; allows criminal to disregard all personal and social boundaries

Question 23

Failure to consider injury to others

Answer 23

minimizes or denies injuring victims by an immediate criminal act or its far reaching effects on the victims and others in society in order to maintain his or her self image

Question 24

lack of empathy

Answer 24

can maintain feelings of uniqueness only by refusing to consider the experiences or feelings of others

Question 25

good person self image

Answer 25

has a distorted view of self as a good person who can do no wrong and may offer ies of goodness as self evidence

Question 26

closed channel thinking

Answer 26

secretiveness, closed minded, and self righteous attitude of the criminal do not allow for open channel of comm to see others points of views. acknows faults of others but are not self critical

Question 27

victim stance

Answer 27

avoids taking responsibility for behavior by blaming others and by him/herself as victim of others; often blames victim

Question 28

disregard for responsible performance

Answer 28

energy and motivation are directed toward self serving goals rather than socially responsible activities. avoids and disregards personal obligations in order to maintain a power position

Question 29

lack of a time perspective

Answer 29

refers to several aberrations in time concepts, including the failure to make positive changes based on past experiences and the tendency to live for the moment (instant gratification) rather than anticipate future benefits or outcomes

Question 30

Fear of fear

Answer 30

fear reactions are not used as a guide to responsible living, but are taken as threats to criminal’s self esteem. criminals often have irrational fears

Question 31

Lack of trust

Answer 31

Trust of others is seen as a weakness and interferes with the criminal’s need for power and control

Question 32

3 of these lead to the severest forms of domination, exploitation and control of minority pops

Answer 32

power thrust
ownership
& failure to consider injury to others

Question 33

Link to rac discr

Answer 33

The same errors in thinking that are attributed to the criminal personality are used by racists to justify the domination, exploitation, and control of ppl of color by the mainstream white society

Question 34

Life expectancy of nonwhites vs whites

Answer 34

nonwhites= six years less than whites in the US

inferior health care, less money, less nutritious diet, worse housing

Question 35

the NASW Code of Ethics States

Answer 35

Social workers should act to prevent and eliminate domination of, exploitation of, and discrimination against any person, group, or class on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, age, marital status, political belief, religion, or mental or physical disability

Question 36

Intersectionality

Answer 36

Holds that classical models of oppression within society do not act independently of one another; instead, these forms of oppression interrelate, creating a system of oppression that reflects the “intersection” of multiple forms of discrimination