Chapter 5 Part I (p.237-247)

Question 1

ethnic group (p.238)

Answer 1

a distinct group of people who share a common language, set of customs, history, culture, race, religion, or origin

Question 2

ethnocentrism (p.238)

Answer 2

an orientation or set of beliefs that holds one’s own culture, ethnic or racial group, or nation superior to others

Question 3

ethnocentrism has been

Answer 3

a factor leading to some of the worst atrocities in history. ie. American & Native Americans, Hitler & Jewish people

Question 4

race (p.239)

Answer 4

is believed to have a common set of physical characteristics; may or may not share the sense of togetherness or identity that holds an ethnic group together

Question 5

racism (p.239)

Answer 5

stereotyping and generalizing about people, usually negatively, because of their race; commonly a basis of discrimination against members of racial minority groups

Question 6

prejudice (p.239)

Answer 6

an opinion ab out an individual, group, or phenomenon that is developed without proof or systematic evidence-may be favorable usually unfavorable

Question 7

prejudice in regard to race and ethnic relations

Answer 7

making negative prejudgements; prejudiced people apply racial stereotypes to all or nearly all members of a group according to preconceived notions of what they believe the group to be like and how they think the group will behave

Question 8

discrimination- positive meaning (p.241)

Answer 8

the process of distinguishing between two objects, ideas, situations or stimuli

Question 9

discrimination- negative meaning or group relations (p.241)

Answer 9

the prejudgment and negative treatment of people based on identifiable characteristics such as race, gender, religion, or ethnicity

Question 10

racial or ethnic discrimination (p.241)

Answer 10

involves denying the members of minority groups equal access to opportunities, residential housing areas, membership in religious and social organizations, involvement in political activities, access to community services, and so on

Question 11

Difference between prejudice and discrimination (p.241)

Answer 11

prej- individuals think about people in a predetermined, usually negative, categorical way.
discrim- involves physical actions, unequal treatment of ppl because they belong to a category
*discriminatory behavior often derives from prejudiced attitudes

Question 12

Merton described four different types of people in terms of prejudice (p.241)

Answer 12

1. the unprejudiced nondiscriminator
2. the unprejudiced discriminator
3. the prejudiced nondiscriminator
4. the prejudiced discriminator

Question 13

the unprejudiced nondiscriminator

Answer 13

in both belief and practice, upholds American ideals of freedom and equality. This person is not prejudiced against other groups and, on principle, will not discriminate against them. ie.

Question 14

the unprejudiced discriminator

Answer 14

is not personally prejudiced but may sometimes, reluctantly, discriminate against other groups because it seems socially or financially convenient to do so

Question 15

the prejudiced nondiscriminator

Answer 15

feels hostile toward other groups but recognizes that law and social pressures are opposed to overt discrimination. Reluctantly, this person does not translate prejudice into action

Question 16

the prejudiced discriminator

Answer 16

does not believe in the values of freedom and equality and consistently discriminates against other groups in both word and deed

Question 17

discriminator is of two types

Answer 17

1. de jure discrimination

2. de facto discrimination

Question 18

de jure discrimination

Answer 18

legal discrimination

ie. Jim Crow laws…today such laws have been declared unconstitutional

Question 19

de facto discrimination

Answer 19

refers to discrimination that actually exists, whether legal or not

ie. department store incident

Question 20

Oppression (p.242)

Answer 20

the unjust or cruel exercise of authority of power.

Barker: “the social act of placing severe restrictions on a group of institution.”

Question 21

Why are oppression and discrimination closely related?(p.242)

Answer 21

because all acts of oppression are also acts of discrimination

Question 22

Stereotypes (p.242)

Answer 22

“preconceived and relatively fixed ideas about an individual group, or social status. These ideas are usually based on superficial characteristics or over-generalizations of traits observed in some members of the group.

Question 23

Racial and ethnic stereotypes (p.242)

Answer 23

involve attributing a fixed and usually inaccurate or unfavorable conception to a racial or ethnic group

Question 24

Racial stereotypes (p.242)

Answer 24

involve differentiating people in terms of color or other physical characteristics

Question 25

Minority (p.242)

Answer 25

a group, or a member of a group, of people of a distinct racial, religious, ethnic, or political identity that is smaller or less powerful than the community’s controlling group

Question 26

Minority problems are actually majority problems (p.242)

Answer 26

Minority relationships become recognized by the majority as a social problem when the members of the majority disagree as to whether the subjugation of the minority is a socially desirable or in the ultimate interest of the majority

Question 27

Our country (p.242)

Answer 27

was founded on the principle of human equality. The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution assert equality, justice, and liberty for all. Yet in practice, our society has always discriminated against minorities.

Question 28

White privilege (p.244)

Answer 28

white people (and white men in particular) have privileges that other Americans do not have

Question 29

Hate crimes (p.244)

Answer 29

violent acts aimed at individuals or groups of a particular race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or gender.
(The laws also make it a crime to vandalize religious buildings or cemeteries or to intimidate another person because of bias)

Question 30

Race is erroneously believed by many to be a biological classification of people. (p.244)

Answer 30

Yet, surprisingly to some, there are no clear delineating characteristics of any race.

Question 31

Scientists use a

social definition of race (p.245)

Answer 31

is based on the way in which members of a society classify each other by physical characteristics

Question 32

Different societies use different definitions of race (p.245)

Answer 32

ie. in the U.S. anyone who is known to have an African American ancestor is considered to be African American; in brazil, anyone kinown to have a white ancestor is considered to be white

Question 33

race becomes a dangerous myth (p.245)

Answer 33

when people assume that physical traits are linked with mental traits and cultural achievements.

ie. the myth that whites have higher IQs than whites

Question 34

Most scientists both physical and social are really alike in everything that really makes any differences (p.245)

Answer 34

such as problem-solving capacities, altruistic tendencies, and communication capacities
(except for very small inbred, isolated, primitive tribes)

Question 35

Institutional racism (p.245)

Answer 35

refers to discriminatory acts and policies against a racial group that pervade the major macro systems of society, including the legal, political, economic, and educational systems. Some are illegal and some are not.

Question 36

Institutional racism Barker definition (p.245)

Answer 36

those policies, practices, or procedures embedded in bureaucratic structures that systematically lead to unequal outcomes for people of color.

*Ins. values form the foundation for macro-system policies.

Question 37

Individual racism (p.245)

Answer 37

the negative attitudes one person has about all members of a racial or ethnic group, often resulting in overt acts such as name-calling, social exclusion, or violence.

Question 38

Institutional discrimination in organizational macro systems (p.246)

Answer 38

prejudicial treatment in organizations based on official policies, overt behaviors, or behaviors that may be covert but approved by those with power.

Question 39

Institutional racism in the community (p.246)

Answer 39

It is a contributing factor to: unemployment rate for nonwhites being consistently twice than whites. Infant mortality rates nearly twice as high as for whites. Life expectancy for nonwhites several years less than for whites. the average number of years of educational achievement for nonwhites is considerably less than for whites.

Question 40

Justice(p.247)

Answer 40

implies fairness and quality. Yet, in practice, racism is evident.

ie. African Americans compose only about 12% of the pop, but they make up about 50% of the prison pop

Question 41

Immigration status (p.247)

Answer 41

Macro systems in the U.S. have frequently discriminated against immigrants and refugees.

Question 42

NASW supports federal, state, and local policies and procedures that:
(1-3 of 6)
(p.247)

Answer 42

• uphold & support equality and human rights for immigrants and refugees, while at the same time protecting national security
• Promote social justice and avoid racism and discrimination or profiling on the basis of race, religion, country of origin, gender, sexual orientation or other grounds…
• guarantee the human service & education needs of all children are met regardless of their parent’s legal status…

Question 43

NASW supports federal, state, and local policies and procedures that:
(3-6 of 6)
(p.247)

Answer 43

• ensure access to language-appropriate services in the form of interpreters, translated documents, and other resources as needed…
• protect all immigrants from family violence, including the undocumented, with provisions to protect women from gender-specif forms of violence
• oppose mandatory reporting of immigration status by health, mental health, social service, education, police, and other public service providers