chapter 5-muscular system Flashcards
Muscle attachement
muscles are attached to bones and cross over at least 1 joint
insertion
moveable bone toward the origin
origin
stable bone
-tends to be closer to the trunk than the insertion
reversal of muscle action
if the insertion becomes fixed then the origin actually moved toward it and the insertion becomes stable
-example is chin up bar
Properties of Muscle tissue
- irritability
- contractability
- extensibilty
- elasticity
irritability
ability to respond to stimuli
contractility
ability to shorten or contract with stimulation
extensibility
ability to elongate or extend when force is applied
elasticity
ability to return to resting length when stretching or shortening force is removed
tension
force build up within a muscle
passive tension
stretching tendons
active tension
contraction of muscle fibers
tone
slight tension present in muscle at all times
excursion
distance from total elongation to total shortness of a muscle
excursion NOTE
- muscle will shorten 1/2 resting length
- muscle can be lengthened twice as far as shortened
- MM of 6 inches, excursion of 3-9 or 6 total
Muscle tension dependent on length
muscle is strongest if put on slight stretch before contracting (winding up to kick a ball)
Active insufficiency
only occurs in muscles crossing 2 joints
- muscle tissue cannot contract (shorten anymore)
- AGONIST (muscle that is contracting)
passive insufficiency
only occurs in muscles crossing 2 joints
- muscle tissue cannot stretch further
- ANTAGONIST opposite of against, muscle that is relaxed or stretched completely
tenodesis
can make someone very functional
-function of wrist extension and flexion NOT pronation and supination
isometic muscle contraction
muscle contracts producing force without a change in muscle length,HOLDING contraction, no movement
isotonic concentric
muscle shortens, origin and insertion move toward each other
isotonic eccentric
muscle lengthens, origin and insertion move away from each other
isokinetic
only done with equipment
Agonist/Prime mover
muscle that is causing the movement
antagonist
muscle opposite of agonist
co-contraction
agonist and antagonist contract at same time for stability, no movement, lock joint
stabilizer
muscle that stabilizes
-also called fixator
neutralizer
muscle that prevents unwanted motion
synergist
muscle that works with another muscle to enhance a motion
Angle of pull rule of thumb
- most muscles pull at a diagonal
- angle of pull is the way the muscle fibers run
- vertical, horizontal, rhomboid (fibers in both ways)
kinematic chains
links connected in a way that allows motion
closed kinematic chain
distal is fixed and proximal is moving
-standing up from a chair, feet on ground
open kinematic chain
distal moves and proximal is fixed
-sitting on a bed with legs hanging
roll (types of motion)
1 joint surface rolls on another (walking on floor, heal to toe)
glide( type of motion)
linear joint surface movement parallel to place of adjoining surface (skater on 1 foot)
spin (type of motion)
rotation of moveable joint surface on a fixed adjacent surface
convex-concave rule
concave surface will move on a convex surface in the same direction as bone
convex surface will move on a concave surface opposite direction of bone
closed pack position
joint surfaces have maximum contact (congruent) with eachother, difficult to separate
open pack position
joint surfaces have maximum incongruity, ligaments are lax aka resting position
fracture
brake in bone
dislocation
complete separation of 2 articular surfaces of a joint
subluxation
partial dislocation
sprain
tear of ligament
strain
tear of muscle or tendon
tendonitis
inflammation of tendon
tenosynovitis
inflammation of tendon sheath
synovitis
inflammation of the synovial membrane
bursitis
inflammation of the bursa
capsulitis
inflammation of the joint capsule
