chapter 3 and 4- joints (articular system) Flashcards

(34 cards)

1
Q

Joints

A
  • connection of 2 bones which allow movement

- provide stability to body

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2
Q

Joint rule of thumb

A

more movement in joint= less stability (shoulder)

less movement in joint= more stability (sternoclavicular)

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3
Q

fibrous joint

A
  • thin layer of fibrous periosteum between bones

- 3 types

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4
Q

synarthrosis

A
  • fibrous joint

- suture joint: bones interlock with little to no movement

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5
Q

syndesmosis

A
  • fibrous joint

- ligament joint: fibrous tissue holds bones together

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6
Q

gomphosis

A
  • fibrous joint

- bolted: between teeth and dental socket

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7
Q

cartilaginous joint

A
  • hyaline or fibrocartilage between 2 bones
  • great stability with small amount of motion
  • disks between vertebrae
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8
Q

synovial joint

A
  • no direct connection between bones
  • joints are smooth and covered with hyaline or articular cartilage
  • free movement
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9
Q

4 types of synovial joints

A

nonaxial: linear movement, movement in these joints occurs secondary to another movement
uniaxial: (hinge, pivot) angular motion occurring in 1 plane around 1 axis
biaxial: movement in 2 directions (CMC thumb joint)
triaxial: movement in 3 planes: ball and socks joints (hip and shoulder)

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10
Q

ligaments

A
  • hold bone to bone
  • bands of fibrous connective tissue
  • not elastic (do not stretch) but are flexible
  • prevent excess movement in a joint
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11
Q

joint capsule

A

-in synovial joints
-2 layers
outer layer-fibrous tissue
inner layer-synovial membrane/fluid

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12
Q

synovial fluid

A

lubricates articular cartilage, reduces friction and provides shock absorption

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13
Q

cartilage

A

fibrous connective tissue that can withstand great pressure and tension

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14
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

(articular)

provides smooth surface in synovial joints

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15
Q

fibrocartilage

A

shock absorber and filler

  1. menisci-in knee
  2. labrum-shoulder
  3. discs-in vertebrae
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16
Q

elastic cartilage

A

helps maintain function and shape

-examples are external ear and larynx

17
Q

tendon

A

connects muscle to bone

-may be encased in tendon sheath for protection

18
Q

aponeurosis

A

broad, flat sheath, found where muscles attach to bone

19
Q

bursae

A
  • padding
  • fluid filled sacs
  • located in areas with great friction (knees and shoulder)
  • reduce friction of moving parts (cushion)
20
Q

Arthrokinematic motion

A

Joint movement

21
Q

end feel

A

what you feel when you move someone through ROM

22
Q

bony end feel

A

bone on bone, abrupt stop

23
Q

firm end feel

A

most common

-firm but stretchy, tension from soft tissue

24
Q

soft tissue approximation end feel

A

movement stopped by soft tissue contact

-body builder or pregnant women

25
abnormal (hard) boney end feel
hard feel where there should not be one
26
boggy end feel
wet or spongy | -edema
27
empty end feel
pt wont let you feel due to pain
28
springy block end feel
rebound feeling | -occurs following joint injury
29
component movements
involuntary
30
joint play
passive movements from apply external forces
31
joints mobilization and manipulation
tx techniques using the accessory motions
32
Joint Surface shape
most surfaces have convex concave shape
33
ovoid joint
2 bones forming a convex-concave relationship
34
sellar (saddle shaped) joint
each joint surface is concave in 1 direction and convex in another