chapter 3 and 4- joints (articular system)

Question 1

Joints

Answer 1

• connection of 2 bones which allow movement

- provide stability to body

Question 2

Joint rule of thumb

Answer 2

more movement in joint= less stability (shoulder)

less movement in joint= more stability (sternoclavicular)

Question 3

fibrous joint

Answer 3

• thin layer of fibrous periosteum between bones

- 3 types

Question 4

synarthrosis

Answer 4

• fibrous joint

- suture joint: bones interlock with little to no movement

Question 5

syndesmosis

Answer 5

• fibrous joint

- ligament joint: fibrous tissue holds bones together

Question 6

gomphosis

Answer 6

• fibrous joint

- bolted: between teeth and dental socket

Question 7

cartilaginous joint

Answer 7

• hyaline or fibrocartilage between 2 bones
• great stability with small amount of motion
• disks between vertebrae

Question 8

synovial joint

Answer 8

• no direct connection between bones
• joints are smooth and covered with hyaline or articular cartilage
• free movement

Question 9

4 types of synovial joints

Answer 9

nonaxial: linear movement, movement in these joints occurs secondary to another movement
uniaxial: (hinge, pivot) angular motion occurring in 1 plane around 1 axis
biaxial: movement in 2 directions (CMC thumb joint)
triaxial: movement in 3 planes: ball and socks joints (hip and shoulder)

Question 10

ligaments

Answer 10

• hold bone to bone
• bands of fibrous connective tissue
• not elastic (do not stretch) but are flexible
• prevent excess movement in a joint

Question 11

joint capsule

Answer 11

-in synovial joints
-2 layers
outer layer-fibrous tissue
inner layer-synovial membrane/fluid

Question 12

synovial fluid

Answer 12

lubricates articular cartilage, reduces friction and provides shock absorption

Question 13

cartilage

Answer 13

fibrous connective tissue that can withstand great pressure and tension

Question 14

hyaline cartilage

Answer 14

(articular)

provides smooth surface in synovial joints

Question 15

fibrocartilage

Answer 15

shock absorber and filler

1. menisci-in knee
2. labrum-shoulder
3. discs-in vertebrae

Question 16

elastic cartilage

Answer 16

helps maintain function and shape

-examples are external ear and larynx

Question 17

tendon

Answer 17

connects muscle to bone

-may be encased in tendon sheath for protection

Question 18

aponeurosis

Answer 18

broad, flat sheath, found where muscles attach to bone

Question 19

bursae

Answer 19

• padding
• fluid filled sacs
• located in areas with great friction (knees and shoulder)
• reduce friction of moving parts (cushion)

Question 20

Arthrokinematic motion

Answer 20

Joint movement

Question 21

end feel

Answer 21

what you feel when you move someone through ROM

Question 22

bony end feel

Answer 22

bone on bone, abrupt stop

Question 23

firm end feel

Answer 23

most common

-firm but stretchy, tension from soft tissue

Question 24

soft tissue approximation end feel

Answer 24

movement stopped by soft tissue contact

-body builder or pregnant women

Question 25

abnormal (hard) boney end feel

Answer 25

hard feel where there should not be one

Question 26

boggy end feel

Answer 26

wet or spongy

-edema

Question 27

empty end feel

Answer 27

pt wont let you feel due to pain

Question 28

springy block end feel

Answer 28

rebound feeling

-occurs following joint injury

Question 29

component movements

Answer 29

involuntary

Question 30

joint play

Answer 30

passive movements from apply external forces

Question 31

joints mobilization and manipulation

Answer 31

tx techniques using the accessory motions

Question 32

Joint Surface shape

Answer 32

most surfaces have convex concave shape

Question 33

ovoid joint

Answer 33

2 bones forming a convex-concave relationship

Question 34

sellar (saddle shaped) joint

Answer 34

each joint surface is concave in 1 direction and convex in another