chapter 3 and 4- joints (articular system) Flashcards
(34 cards)
Joints
- connection of 2 bones which allow movement
- provide stability to body
Joint rule of thumb
more movement in joint= less stability (shoulder)
less movement in joint= more stability (sternoclavicular)
fibrous joint
- thin layer of fibrous periosteum between bones
- 3 types
synarthrosis
- fibrous joint
- suture joint: bones interlock with little to no movement
syndesmosis
- fibrous joint
- ligament joint: fibrous tissue holds bones together
gomphosis
- fibrous joint
- bolted: between teeth and dental socket
cartilaginous joint
- hyaline or fibrocartilage between 2 bones
- great stability with small amount of motion
- disks between vertebrae
synovial joint
- no direct connection between bones
- joints are smooth and covered with hyaline or articular cartilage
- free movement
4 types of synovial joints
nonaxial: linear movement, movement in these joints occurs secondary to another movement
uniaxial: (hinge, pivot) angular motion occurring in 1 plane around 1 axis
biaxial: movement in 2 directions (CMC thumb joint)
triaxial: movement in 3 planes: ball and socks joints (hip and shoulder)
ligaments
- hold bone to bone
- bands of fibrous connective tissue
- not elastic (do not stretch) but are flexible
- prevent excess movement in a joint
joint capsule
-in synovial joints
-2 layers
outer layer-fibrous tissue
inner layer-synovial membrane/fluid
synovial fluid
lubricates articular cartilage, reduces friction and provides shock absorption
cartilage
fibrous connective tissue that can withstand great pressure and tension
hyaline cartilage
(articular)
provides smooth surface in synovial joints
fibrocartilage
shock absorber and filler
- menisci-in knee
- labrum-shoulder
- discs-in vertebrae
elastic cartilage
helps maintain function and shape
-examples are external ear and larynx
tendon
connects muscle to bone
-may be encased in tendon sheath for protection
aponeurosis
broad, flat sheath, found where muscles attach to bone
bursae
- padding
- fluid filled sacs
- located in areas with great friction (knees and shoulder)
- reduce friction of moving parts (cushion)
Arthrokinematic motion
Joint movement
end feel
what you feel when you move someone through ROM
bony end feel
bone on bone, abrupt stop
firm end feel
most common
-firm but stretchy, tension from soft tissue
soft tissue approximation end feel
movement stopped by soft tissue contact
-body builder or pregnant women