chapter 1 Flashcards
Kinesiology
study of movement
study of actions of muscles and joints
planes of movement
movements are in a plane when they are parallel to it
sagittal plane
(median)
passes front to back splitting body into R and L halves
frontal plane
(coronal)
passes from side to side dividing body into anterior and posterior parts (front and back)
transverse plane
(horizontal)
divides body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) halves
cranial/superior
structure being closer to the head, higher than other structure
caudal, inferior
structure being closer to the feet or lower than another structure
anterior/ventral
structure being more in front than another structure
posterior/dorsal
structure being behind another structure
medial
closer to midline
lateral
farther away from midline
proximal
closer to midline (referring to limbs)
distal
farther away from midline (referring to limbs)
axes of movement
- points to a joint around which movement occurs
- right angle to plane in which movement occurs
frontal axis
- passes horizontally side to side
- perpendicular to sagittal plane
- movement in sagittal plane have frontal axis
sagittal axis
- perpendicular to frontal plane
- movement in frontal plane have sagittal axis
vertical axis
- passes through the body vertically
- perpendicular to transverse plane
- movement in transverse plane have vertical axis
Linear motion
(translatory)
- movement in straight line
- all part of an object move same distance in same direction at the same time
rectilinear motion
movement in straight line (car on the road, wheelchair on path)
curvilinear motion
curved path
angular motion
(rotary)
- movement of object around a fixed point traveling through an arc
- all parts move through same angle, in same direction but not same distance
- example is shooting a basketball
osteokinematics
bone movement in space
flexion
making joint angle smaller (shortening angle)
extension
opening angle back to normal
hyperextension
making the joint angle larger past its normal limits
abduction
away from midline
adduction
toward the midline
radial
thumb side
ulnar
pinky side
circumduction
moving in a circle
-distal end moves while proximal end is fixed
internal rotation
(medial)
rotating toward the midline
external rotation
(lateral)
rotating away from the midline
pronation
palm down
supination
palm up (holding a cup of soup)
inversion
foot rotates toward the midline (inward)
eversion
foot rotates away from midline (outward)
protraction
round shoulders
-in anterior direction/being pulled forward
retraction
pinch shoulder blades together
-in posterior direction/being pulled back
elevation
origin is pulled towards its insertion
-shoulders up to ears
depression
origin is pulled away from insertion
-pushing shoulders down toward body
supine
laying on back
prone
laying on stomach
side-lying
laying on side
rotation
movement around a single axis
dorsiflexion
decreasing angle between leg and top of foot
-pointing toes up
plantar flexion
decreasing angle between bottom of foot and back of leg
-point toes down
