Chapter 5. Male Reproductive Flashcards
The appendix testis is a remnant of the —. Torsion of this structure results in a —-. Located beneath the head of the epididymis.
Mullerian remnant. Blue dot sign
Remnant of the Wolffian duct, projecting off the epididymis
Appendix epididymis
A layer of muscle fibers lying beneath the scrotal skin, dividing the scrotum into two separate chambers
Dartos muscle
The division of the two scrotal chambers
Scrotal raphe
Describe the blood flow in the testicles
Aorta
Gonadal/Testicular artery
Capsular artery
Centripetal aka intratesticualr artery
List the structures found within the spermatic cord…
L-ymphatics
P-ampiniform plexus of veins
N- erves
C- remasteric, deferential, testicular arteries
V- as deferens
“late prenatal care, V!”
What is the most common type of testicular cancer?
Germ cell tumors are the most common testicular cancers. They can be classified as either seminoma or nonseminoma.
What is the most common germ cell tumor type?
Seminoma is the most common germ cell type
What is the most common testicular tumor in infants and young children?
Yolk sac tumors are the most common testicular tumor in infants and young children
Yolk sac tumors are highly associated with an elevation in what lab value?
yolk sac tumors are associated with an increase in AFP values
A rare tumor that produces testosterone resulting in precocious puberty, always benign in children, normal AFP, bHCG, and LDH levels
Leydig cell tumors
What three lab values are helpful in the diagnosis of testicular malignancies?
AFP, LDH and bHCG
An increase of AFP is an indicator of what type of testicular tumor?
An increase in AFP is an indicator of a NONseminoma tumor.
Elevated AFP is NOT found with seminoma testicular tumors
In the case of an intratesticular mass, what is the procedure to establish histologic confirmation of malignancy?
Inguinal orchiectomy. Biopsies on intratesticualr masses are NOT recommended.
A benign tumor that has the sonographic appearance of an onion ring or bow tie pattern as a result of multiple layers of keratin
Epidermoid cysts
What is the sonographic appearance of a segmental testicular infarction?
Triangular shaped AVASCULAR intratesticular lesion
Where do hydroceles occur?
Between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis
90% of varicoceles occur in which testicle? Why is this?
90% of varicoceles occur in the left testicle. This is because of the length of the left testicular vein as it drains into the left renal vein
What is the most common correctable cause of male infertility?
Varicoceles
What is the most common extratesticular tumor?
Adenomatoid tumors are the most common extratesticular tumors
What are spermatoceles and where are they located?
Spermatoceles are cystic masses that are filled with sperm , they are seen in the epidydimal head
A rare benign entity having a typical appearance of a cluster of small anechoic structures adjacent to the mediastinum testis
Tubular ectasia of the rete testis
What is the most common condition that causes acute scrotal pain?
Acute epididymitis is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain
What is the most common cause of epididorchitis in men < 35 and in men >35
Men with epididorchitis that are >35 years OR are pre-pubertal typically contacted the infection from a UTI.
Men with epididorchitis that are <35 typically contracted the infection from STD’s
