Chapter 4. Urinary Tract Flashcards
What is the normal renal cortex measurement?
The normal renal cortex measures > 1 CM
The fibrous sheath enclosing the kidneys and adrenal glands is known as the Gerota’s fascia. What is another term for this sheath?
Perirenal space
Describe the blood flow of the kidneys starting with the main renal artery.
Main renal artery
five segmental arteries
interlobar arteries
arcuate arteries
interlobular arteries
What is the most common fusion anomaly of the kidneys?
Horseshoe kidneys are the most common fusion anomaly of the kidneys
Kidneys may fuse to form a round mass in the pelvis, this is known as…
Discoid or pancake kidney
A common variant of cortical thickening on the lateral aspect of the left kidney is known as…
Dromedary hump
A normal variation of prominent renal cortical parenchyma located between two medullary pyramids.
Column of bertin (septal cortex)
A triangular hyperechoic area on the anterior aspect of the upper pole of the right kidney is known as…
Junctional parenchymal defect aka Fetal lobulation
What complication may occur in the upper pole of a complete duplex collecting system due to the ectopic location of the ureter entering the bladder?
With complete double collecting system, the ureter draining the upper pole typically inserts in an ectopic location on the bladder. This can cause the formation of a ureterocele. The ureterocele will cause hydroureter and hydronephrosis of the upper collecting system of the kidney.
Unilateral renal agenesis could be solitary or could be associated with VACTERL and or MURCS. What do these acronyms stand for?
V- vertebral defects M- Mullerian agenesis
A- anal atresia U-
C- cardiovascular anomalies R- renal agenesis
TE- Tracheoesophageal fistula C-cervicothoracic
R- renal anomalies S- somite abnormalities
L- limb defects
A cystic collection medial to the renal hilum may be a…
Extrarenal pelvis
What is the most common cause of urinary obstruction in the male neonatal patient?
Posterior urethral valve
What is the sonographic hallmark sign of posterior urethral valve?
Key-hole appearance
Defines imaging characteristics that relate to increased chances of malignancy, a criteria
Bosniak renal cyst classification
Bilateral renal enlargement due to the development of numerous cysts of varying sizes. Associated with liver, pancreatic and splenic cysts as well as arterial aneurysms (specifically cerebral arterial (Berry) aneurysms of the circle of Willis.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Enlarged, bilaterally hyperechoic parenchyma with loss of the medullary distinction. Associated with pulmonary hypoplasia, hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension. Typically detected in utero.
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
Refers to the typical physical appearance of a neonate as a direct result of oligohydramnios and compression while in utero
Potters syndrome
What are some causes of Potters syndrome?
Bilateral renal agenesis
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Multicystic renal dysplasia
Obstructive uropathy (posterior urethral valve)
PROM
What is the most common cause of an abdominal mass in NEWBORNS
Multicystic dysplastic kidneys
Describe what multicystic dysplastic kidneys are and what causes them…
A form of renal dysplasia characterized by multiple NONcommunicating cysts with the absence of renal parenchyma. It is the result of atresia of the ureteropelvic junction during fetal development.
What is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in the male fetus ?
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction
What kidney condition results in hyperechoic medullary pyramids due to calcium deposits?
Medullary sponge kidney
What kind of patients develop acquired cystic disease? What disease are pts with acquired cystic disease at a higher risk of?
Patients on long-term hemodialysis develop acquired cystic disease. Patients with acquired cystic disease are at an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma.
Von-Hippel-Lindau disease is an inherited disease that usually presets in the 2nd to 3rd decade of life with serious visual impairment. What are the four major tumors that are related to Von-Hippel-Lindau disease?
Renal cell carcinoma
Islet cell tumors
Pheochromocytomas
Renal and pancreatic cysts
