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ABDOMEN REGISTRY > Chapter 3. Pancreas > Flashcards

Chapter 3. Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

A

To secrete amylase, trypsin, and lipase into the ductal system.

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2
Q

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

A

To secrete insulin into the bloodstream via the islets of Langerhans.

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3
Q

What is the normal AP measurement of the pancreas…

A

The AP measurement of the pancreas should be <3 CM

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4
Q

From which vessel does the majority of the pancreas receive its blood supply?

A

The splenic artery supplies blood to the pancreatic head, body and tail.

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5
Q

The SMA and SMV are located — in relation to the pancreatic neck

A

The SMV and SMA are located posterior to the pancreatic neck.

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6
Q

The SMA and SMV are located — to the uncinate process of the pancreas

A

The SMA and SMV are located anterior to the uncinate process

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7
Q

The celiac axis arises from the Ao at the —- border of the pancreas

A

Superior

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8
Q

The SMA arises from the Ao at the — border of the pancreas

A

Inferior

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9
Q

Which branch of the celiac axis is a tortuous vessel that courses along the superior border of the pancreatic body and tail

A

The splenic artery

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10
Q

List the branches of the celiac axis…

A

Left gastric artery, splenic artery and the common hepatic artery are the branches of the celiac axis

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11
Q

List the branches off the common hepatic artery…

A

The gastroduodenal artery (GDA), and proper hepatic artery are the branches of the common hepatic artery

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12
Q

The proper hepatic artery branches into the…

A

Right gastric artery

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13
Q

What vessels make up the MPV?

A

The splenic vein and SMV join to form the MPV.

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14
Q

The splenic vein is located along the — aspect of the pancreas

A

Posterior

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15
Q

The ampulla of Vater may also be referred to as the

A

Hepaticopancreatic ampulla

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16
Q

What is another name for the accessory pancreatic duct?

A

The duct of Santorini

NOTE - 50% of the population has complete regression of this duct

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17
Q

What is the normal measurement of the main pancreatic duct?

A

The main pancreatic duct should measure <2.0 MM

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18
Q

What are the two most common causes of acute pancreatitis?

A

Gallstones and alcohol abuse are the two most common causes of acute pancreatitis

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19
Q

The sonographic appearance of acute pancreatitis includes…

A

An enlarged HYPOechoic gland along with clinical and lab findings is suggestive of acute pancreatitis

20
Q

An inflammatory mass formed by edema and leakage of pancreatic enzymes as a complication of acute pancreatitis

A

Pancreatic Phlegmon (Focal pancreatitis)

21
Q

What is the most common cause of chronic pancreatitis?

A

Alcoholic chronic pancreatitis

22
Q

Describe the sonographic appearance of chronic pancreatitis

A

Atrophic
HYPERechoic
calcifications
pancreatic duct dilation (>2MM)
portal vein thrombosis

23
Q

True pancreatic cysts are rare, multiple pancreatic cyst are associated with what conditions…

A

Von Hippel-Lindau disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Cystic fibrosis

24
Q

Meconium ileus (thick and sticky stool) is associated with what disease?

A

Cystic fibrosis

25
Failure of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic ductal systems to fuse during embryonic development. Results in the Santorini's duct draining the pancreas
Pancreatic divisum
26
Due to inadequate pancreatic enzyme drainage, pancreatic divisum may result in...
Pancreatitis
27
Congenital anomaly where the ventral pancreas encircles the duodenum and may present as a "double bubble" sign with dilated stomach and duodenal bulb.
Annular pancreas
28
Where along the pancreas are the majority of pancreatic adenocarcinomas located?
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma typically arises from the pancreatic head
29
T or F, Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma hardly present with lymphatic or metastatic spread of the tumor
FALSE. 90% of patients with pan adeno present with lymphatic and metastatic spread
30
List patient symptoms and the sonographic findings of panc adeno
Symptoms - abdominal/back pain, jaundice (painless), weight loss Sono - solid hypoechoic mass typically in the head of the pancreas
31
The accumulation of pancreatic fluid and necrotic debris confined by the retroperitoneum. This occurs in an attempt to wall off the pancreatic secretions to prevent further tissue damage.
Pancreatic pseudocysts
32
What portion of the pancreas most commonly has pancreatic pseudocysts?
Pancreatic pseudocysts most commonly occur at the pancreatic tail.
33
What is the most common cause of pancreatic pseudocysts in children?
Abdominal trauma is the most common cause of pancreatic pseudocysts in children.
34
Benign condition that is associated with Von Hippel-Lindau disease and was formerly known as microcystic cystadenomas...
Pancreatic serous cystadenoma
35
What is the sonographic sign of pancreatic serous cystadenomas?
Cluster of grape like cysts with external lobulation.
36
What is the most common cystic mass of the pancreas?
Mucinous cystic neoplasms Note - mucinous cystic neoplasms are considered pre-malignant or malignant lesions typically cause elevated CEA and CA-19-9 serum levels
37
Where in the pancreas are majority of mucinous cystic neoplasms located?
80% of mucinous cystic neoplasms occur in the body or tail of the pancreas.
38
What are the sonographic signs of a pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm?
Large, multicystic mass with numerous septations and debris. Difficult to distinguish from a pancreatic serous cystadenoma.
39
Islet cell tumors aka endocrine tumors are associated with which diseases?
Islet cell tumors are associated with Von Hipppel-Lindau disease and Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN-1) disease.
40
What is the most common islet cell tumor? Is it benign or malignant? Does it result in high or low blood sugars?
Insulinoma is the most common islet cell tumor. It is usually benign and it results in hyperinsulinemia leading to HYPOglycemia.
41
What is the second most common islet cell tumor? Is it benign or malignant?
Gastrinoma aka Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) is the second most common islet cell tumor. It is frequently malignant.
42
Where in the pancreas are majority of islet cell tumors located?
In the head of the pancreas. (other islet cell tumors are frequently seen in the body and tail).
43
An inherited endocrine disorder that is associated with islet cell tumors is known as...
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)
44
What pancreatic enzyme digests carbohydrates?
Amylase digests carbohydrates
45
Serum lipase levels parallel amylase levels. Although, lipase levels rise --- and persist ---
Later, longer

ABDOMEN REGISTRY (6 decks)

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