Chapter 5 Learning Flashcards

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1
Q

learning

A

a relatively permanent change in behaviour (or behaviour potential) due to experience

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2
Q

reflex action

A

a simple, automatic, involuntary response to a specific stimulus that comes directly from the nervous system and is basically the same each time it occurs

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3
Q

fixed action pattern (FAP)

A

the innate predisposition - essentially identical among most members of a species - to behave in a certain way in response to a specific environment stimulus also known as species - specific behaviour

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4
Q

maturation

A

the physical growth and development of the body, brain and nervous system at fairly predictable ages in the life cycle

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5
Q

maturation behaviours

A

innate, age-related behaviours that result from the physical growth and development (maturation) of the body, brain and nervous system at fairly predictable ages in the life cycle

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6
Q

cerebellum

A

a structure attached to the rear of the brainstem that helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance

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7
Q

limbic system

A

a number of structures that form a doughnut-shaped neural system between the hindbrain and the cerebral hemispheres

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8
Q

synaptogenesis

A

the process by which synapses are formed between neurons

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9
Q

filopodia

A

finger-like extensions of growth cones (structures at the tips of axons and dendrites) that search for target cells during the process of synaptogenesis

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10
Q

pre-synaptic neuron

A

a neuron that sends a nerve impulse across the synapse to another neuron (post-synaptic neuron)

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11
Q

post-synaptic neuron

A

a neuron that receives a nerve impulse sent across the synapse from another neuron (pre-synaptic neuron)

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12
Q

action potential

A

a electrical charge (nerve impulse) that sweeps down the axon of a neuron, prompting the release neurotransmitters

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13
Q

plasticity

A

the ability of the brain to change its structure and relocate functions to different areas and/or neuronal networks

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14
Q

developmental plasticity

A

changes in neurons and synaptic conditions that occur as a specific consequence of development processes

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15
Q

adaptive plasticity

A

a term referring to the ability of neurons to alter the connections between the synapses in accordance to best suit the environmental conditions, when learning something new or when re-learning something after brain injury

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16
Q

neurogenesis

A

the production of new brain cells

17
Q

critical periods

A

a time of increased sensitivity to environmental influences when the conditions are optimal for certain capacities to emerge in an organism