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Psychology Year 12 > Chapter 1 Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

Our awareness of internal and external environments at any given moment in time

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2
Q

State of consciousness

A

An individual’s level of awareness of internal and external stimuli at any given moment

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3
Q

Normal waking consciousness (NWC)

A

A state of consciousness characterised by clear and organised alertness to internal and external stimuli

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4
Q

Altered state of consciousness

A

A state of consciousness that is characteristically different from normal waking consciousness in terms of awareness, sensation and perception

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5
Q

Daydreaming

A

An altered state of consciousness characterised by a shift in concentration from external stimuli to internal thoughts, feelings, memories and images

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6
Q

Hypothetical construct

A

A concept used to describe something that is believed to exist, because we can measure its effects, but we cannot directly observe or measure it

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7
Q

Controlled Processes

A

Actions that require a high level of conscious awarenes, attention and mental effort

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8
Q

Focused attention

A

Attending to a particular stimulus while ignoring others; it requires a high level of awareness

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9
Q

Selective attention

A

The ability to redirect our attention focus to a specific or limited range of stimuli while ignoring others

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10
Q

Automatic attention

A

Actions that require little conscious awareness or mental effort, and do not interfere with performance on other activities

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11
Q

Divided attention

A

When an individual simultaneously focuses on two or more stimuli, or simultaneously undertakes two or more tasks

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12
Q

Hallucination

A

A sensory experience that does not actually exist

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13
Q

Delusion

A

A belief or though that is not supported by or connected to reality

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14
Q

Objective data

A

Measurements of behaviour collected under controlled conditions, which allow data to be directly observed or measured

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15
Q

Pineal gland

A

A gland located in the centre of the brain that helps regulate body rhythms and sleep cycles

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16
Q

Melatonin

A

A hormone that is secreted to regulate the sleep-wake cycle and cause drowsiness

17
Q

Sleep laboratory

A

A controlled environment that enables electronic recording and measurement of sleep

18
Q

Atonia

A

A lack of tone in the muscles, or muscle paralysis, experienced during dream sleep

19
Q

Hypnogogic state

A

A state that is experienced just before falling sleep and is characterised by slow, rolling eye movements and deep relaxation

20
Q

Hypnic jerks

A

A reflex muscle contraction that occurs during Stage 1 NREM sleep as the body is relaxing

21
Q

Sleep spindles

A

A type of brain activity characterised by a short burst of high-frequency brainwaves, experienced during stage 2 NREM sleep

22
Q

K-complex

A

A short burst of high-amplitude brainwaves, experienced in stage 2 NREM sleep

23
Q

Slow wave sleep (SWS)

A

A sleep state characterised by the emergence of delta waves; SWS is experienced during stages 3 and 4 NREM sleep

24
Q

Dream

A

A series of images, thoughts and emotions that passes through the mind during sleep

25
Q

REM behaviour disorder

A

A disorder whereby there is a failure of the muscle paralysis that occurs during REM sleep

26
Q

Restorative theory

A

A theory that states that sleep is vital for replenishing and revitalising the mind and body to keep them functioning at optimal levels

27
Q

Adaptive theory

A

A theory that suggests that we have periods of inactivity, or sleep, when we do not need to engage in activities important to our survival

28
Q

Sleep deprivation

A

Going without or not getting sufficient amounts of sleep

29
Q

Sleep-deprivation psychosis

A

A disruption of mental and emotional functioning as a result of lack of sleep

30
Q

REM rebound

A

The process whereby an individual experiences extra amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of it

31
Q

Micros level

A

A short period of sleep, where the individual appears to be awake

32
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Our internal body clock, which cycles approximately every 24 hours

33
Q

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

A device that detects, amplifies and records electrical activity in the brain

34
Q

Electromyograph (EMG)

A

A device that detects, amplifies and records electrical activity in the muscles

35
Q

Electroculargraph (EOG)

A

A device that detects, amplifies and records electrical activity in the eyes

36
Q

Electrocardiograph (ECG)

A

A device that detects, amplifies and records electrical activity in the heart

37
Q

Thermometer

A

Measure our internal body temperature

38
Q

Galvanic skin response (GSR)

A

A device that detects, amplifies and records electrical conductivity of skin

39
Q

Attention

A

A voluntary or involuntary tendency to orient towards or focus on a particular stimulus and ignore other stimuli

Psychology Year 12 (9 decks)

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