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PSYCH 101: Midterm GRIND > Chapter 5: Learning > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Learning Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Instinctual Behavior?

A

Behavior that is determined by instinct

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2
Q

Do Humans have more Instinctual Behavior or less then animals?

A

We Have less

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3
Q

What is a Fixed Action Pattern?

A

Fixed Response to specfic stimuli

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4
Q

What are some examples of a Fixed Action Pattern

A
  1. Baby geese Imprinting
  2. Fish attacking animals because of a specfic characteristics (red belly)
  3. Sitting on eggs to warm them
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5
Q

What is Habituation?

A

Getting used to stimuli based off exposure
Ex: Loud noses become less startling after you hear it a second time

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6
Q

What is Classical Conditioning?

A

Two Stimulus are repeatedly paired and reaction is trained until only one stimulus elicits a reaction on its own

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7
Q

What are some terms involved in classical conditioning in relation to Pavlovs dog?

A

Unconditioned Response (UR) Food
Unconditioned Stimulus (US) Salivation

No Stimulus

Conditioned Response (CR) (Conditioned Salivation to bell)

Conditoned Stimulus (CS) (Bell)

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8
Q

What are Basic Principles of conditioning?

A

Acquistion
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination

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9
Q

What is Aquistion?

A

Aquiring a Conditioned Response

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10
Q

What is Extinction?

A

Gradual Loss of Conditioned Response

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11
Q

Once a conditioned response goes extinct can it be recovered?

A

YES. The Conditioned Response can be spontaenously recovered but will have a weaker result typically.

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12
Q

What is Generalization?

A

Responding to Stimulus similar to conditioned stimulus
Ex: dog salivating a something that sounds like the bell but itsnt

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13
Q

What Is Discrimination?

A

The ability to disntinguish between stimulus

Ex: Being able to differentiate colors

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14
Q

What is Operant Conditioning?

A

Voluntary and Complex Goal Directied behavior
- Links Behavior and Consequences

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15
Q

What are some Examples of Operant Conditoning?

A

Behavior: Studying
Consequence: Good Grade

Behavior: Training and Practice
Consequence: Good result

Behavior: No studying
Consequence: Bad Grade

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16
Q

What are the four types of tools used in operant conditioning?

A
  1. Positive Reinforcement
  2. Negative Reinforcement
  3. Positive Punishment
  4. Negative Punishment
17
Q

What does Positive Reinforcement Do for behavior a stimuli?

A

Increases Behavior and Adds a Stimuli
Ex: Child is praised (Reinforcement) for brushing their teeth (Stimuli)

18
Q

What does Negative Reinforcement Do for behavior a stimuli?

A

Increases Behavior and Removes a Stimulus

Ex: Child Pouts (Behavior) because they don’t want to eat their food so the parents take the food (stimulus) away

This teaches the child they can pout to not have to eat their food

19
Q

What does Positive Punishment Do for behavior a stimuli?

A

Decreases Behavior and Adds a Stimuli

Ex: Adding more chores (Stimuli) when a child doesn’t do their current chores (Behavior)

This encourages the child to do their chores to avoid having more chores added to

20
Q

What does Negative Punishment Do for behavior and stimuli?

A

Decrease behavior and Removes Stimuli

Ex: Child misbehaves (Behavior) so parent takes away favorite toy (Stimulus)

21
Q

What is a Continuous Schedule of Reinforcement?

A

Rewarding good behavior as soon as it happens

Ex: Everytime your dog shakes you hand you give them a treat afterword

22
Q

What are some negatives to Continuous Schedule of reinforcement?

A

Extinction happens very quickly

Constant Reinforcement of good behavior

23
Q

What are the two schedules of Reinforcement?

A

Continuous and Partial

24
Q

What are the four aspects that could make up a Partial Reinforcement Schedule?

A

Fixed
Variable

Ratio
Interval

25
Q

How does a Partial Schedule work?

A

Behaviors are either V

26
Q

What is a Partial Schedule?

A

the desired target behavior is rewarded only some of the time.

27
Q

What the Four Different Combinations of a Partial Reinforcement Schedule?

A

Variable Ratio
Fixed Ratio
Variable Interval
Fixed Interval

28
Q

What does a Fixed Schedule mean?

A

Fixed - The Number of Response or amount of time between reinforcements is set and unchanging

The Schedule is predictable

29
Q

What does a Variable Schedule mean?

A

The Number of Responses or amount of time between reinforcements changes randomly

The Schedule is Unpredictable

30
Q

What does a Ratio Schedule mean?

A

A reward is only given only after a certian number of responses have been given

31
Q

What Does a Interval Schedule mean?

A

A Reward is only given after a specific period of time has passed

32
Q

In what order do the four combinations of these schedules work best?

A
  1. Variable Ratio
  2. Fixed Ratio
  3. Variable Interval
  4. Fixed Interval
33
Q

What is a Variable Ratio Schedule?

A

Reinforcement Occurs after a Varying number of responses

Ex: Playing the Lottery
GAMBLING

34
Q

What is a Fixed-Ratio Schedule?

A

Reinforcement occurs after a fixed number of responses

Ex: Getting one free meal after the purchase of ten

Ex: Losing Drivers License after 5 violations

35
Q

What is a Fixed Interval Schedule?

A

An Exact amount of time passes between each reinforcements

Ex: Getting your paycheck every two weeks?

Ex: Studying for a WEEKLY quiz

36
Q

What is a Variable Interval Schedule?

A

A Varying amount of time passes between each reinforcement.

Ex: Winning a Video Game

Ex: Checking your Email

37
Q

What is Observational Learning?

A

Occurs when person observes or Imitates behavior

  • Very Present in children
38
Q

What the Four Proccess of Observational Learning?

A
  1. Attention
  2. Retention
  3. Reproduction
  4. Reinforcement

PSYCH 101: Midterm GRIND (9 decks)

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