Chapter 5: Islam Flashcards
The Muslim Doctrine of God is
An absolute monotheism
Which is not a source of Islamic law?
The High Court of Mecca
What best describes the Muslim presentation of the afterlife?
Vivid and Detailed
What statement best describes the religious perspective of Islam on the human condition and recovery?
Ignorant, in need of clear instruction
What is the ideal government in the eyes of most Shia Muslims?
Religion and state are ruled by one person
What event is celebrated on Mawlid?
Muhammed’s birthday
What does the “Night of Power” commemorate?
Muhammad’s first revelatory experience
What is celebrated on “Id al-Fitr”?
End of the Ramadan fast
What is celebrated on Id al-Adha
End of the Pilgrimage to Mecca
What does “Id al-Adha” mean?
Feast of Sacrifice
What does “Id al-Fitr” mean?
Feast of the fast-breaking
What special event is commemorated by the Shia?
Martyrdom of Ali and Hussain
Another name for the “Seveners” is
Ismailis
Who are the Zaidites?
Shia followers of a different fifth imam
What Muslim movement is most responsible for the rise of the fundamentalism in the modern Islam world?
Wahhabi
The “Whirling Dervishes” are part of which Muslim movement?
Sufi
What early supporters of Ali soon became his violent enemies?
Kharijites
What tribe controlled Mecca?
Quraysh
What group formed a significant element of the population of Medina when Muhammad was invited to move there?
Jews
Why were the Umayyads resented by many of the early converts to Islam?
they had been leading opponents of Muhammad
When were the Moors (Muslims) expelled from Spain by Christian armies?
1400s
When did Christian crusader armies hold Muslim land in the Middle East?
1100’s-1200’s
Where was the Ottoman Empire centred?
Turkey
What was the initial stance of the Mughals to non-Muslim religions in india?
Tolerant and curious
For most of Muslim history, how many schools of interpretation of Muslim law were judged as orthodox?
4
Who/What destroyed the largest Buddha statues in the world 2001?
Muslim Taliban
To what subgroup do most Shias belong?
Twelvers
What does the word “Shia” mean?
Party
What Muslim empire was the greatest empire in the world in the 1500s and 1600s?
Ottoman
What empire overthrew the Abbasids?
Mongol
What was the Shiite Empire in Egypt called?
Fatimid
What strong non-Arab influence affected the Abbasid court?
Persian
Where was the Abbasid Empire centred?
Baghdad
Where was the Umayyad Empire centred?
Damascus
According to Muslim tradition, Abraham is considered to be the father of what nation(s)?
Both Arabs and Jews
The Abbasid empire collapsed as which two empires arose?
Mogul and Ottoman
The Umayyad dynasty was overthrown by the
Abbasids
The major difference between Shiites and Sunnis was
their understanding of leadership
A puritanical movement in Islam that fought against mystical groups was the
Wahhabis
The major mystical groups in Islam are known as:
Sufis
What is a “mullah”?
Scholar of Islamic law
What is a “muessin”?
One who calls Muslims to prayer
Why did the city of Mecca finally surrender to Muhammad
Muhammad had disrupted the caravan trades
Whom did Muhammad select to lead the Muslim community after his death
He made no plans for succession
Who is the Mahdi?
Muslim messiah figure
What does the term caliph mean?
Successor
What is the Arabic word for Jesus?
Isa
Most of the activities of a Muslim on pilgrimage are associated with which figurines in the Islamic tradition?
Abraham and Ishmael
According to Islam, who was the prophet?
Adam
According to Islamic teaching, who conveyed the Quran to Muhammad?
The angel Gabriel
In Muslim teaching, who is Iblis?
Satan
Over what period of time did Muhammad have mystical experiences of revelation?
22 years
Which group did Al-Ghazzali make popular?
Sufis
The main accomplishment of the first four successors of Muhammad was
Conquered much of Mediterranean and Mesopotamia
What group does the Aga Khan lead
Ismaili
Who was Khadija
Muhammad’s first wife
What is NOT a feature if the first four successors of Muhammad?
Young followers of Muhammad
Who stopped the Muslim advance in western Europe?
Martin of Tours
What action did Ataturk NOT take when he became the leader of Turkey?
Reestablished the caliphate
The Muslim “Dome of the Rock” is built on what site?
The destroyed Jewish Temple
From what city do Muslims believe that Muhammad ascended to heaven?
Jerusalem
What is the third most holy city in the Islamic world?
Jerusalem
What was Yathrib?
Original name for the city of Medina
In what city was the first Islamic government established?
Medina
What is the main place of Muslim pilgrimage?
Mecca
How many gods did the kana contain before the reforms of Muhammad?
360
What was the extent of the Umayyad Empire?
Spain to India
What area did the Umayyads retain after their empire fell to the Abbasids?
Spain
Which Islamic empire captured the Christian city of Constantinople?
Ottoman
Why did the people of Mecca reject Muhammad?
He threatened economic and religious stability
What is the main centre of the Shia community today?
Iran
What is the Taj Mahal?
A Muslim mausoleum
What does the word “mosque” mean?
A place of prostration
What is the “Blue” Mosque
Major Ottoman mosque in Istanbul
What is the central object of attention that is displayed by the kaba?
The Black Stone
What is the Muslim confession of faith called?
Sahahdah
In what direction do Muslims pray?
Mecca
What is the primary purpose of a minaret?
Calling Muslims to prayer
How many times each day are Muslims called to pray?
5
When is the time of the primary Muslim communal prayer?
Friday noon
How many attributes of God do Muslims routine cite?
99
What/who is the Al-Fatihah?
Common prayer of Muslims
What is one of the primary forms of Islamic artistic expression?
Calligraphy
How many beads are used in a muslim rosary?
100
Halal is to Islam as what is to Judaism?
Kosher
From what did Sufi “saint worship” develop?
High regard for the Sufi masters
In Islam, prayer is
A duty each day
What element is not one of the pillars of Islam
Repentance
Why do Muslims practice circumcision
It was done by Muhammad
What is a “rakah”
A cycle of movement in prayer
What does the term “hajj” specify
Muslim pilgrimage
Over how many days is the Muslim Pilgrimage carried out?
6
When do Muslims fast?
The month of Ramadan
What is the distinctive colour if Islam and said to have been Muhammad’s favourite colour?
Green
What is the most recognizable symbol of Islam in the modern world
Crescent and star
What does the word “kaba” mean?
Cube
What do Muslims mean by the “lesser Jihad”
Holy War
What is the hadith
A story about Muhammad
“Shirk” is the primary prohibition in Islam. What does it prohibit?
Associating anything with God
The term for successor to the Prophet Muhammad in Sunni Islam is
Caliph
Christians and Jews who did not convert to Islam sought protection as
Dhimmis
The Shahadah states
There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is his prophet
What is a surah?
A chapter in the Quran
The Muslim calendar uses the abbreviation A.H. (Anno hegirae). To what does this refer?
The flight of Muhammad from Mecca
What is the kaba?
The central religious building in Mecca
What is implied by calling Muhammad the “seal” of the prophets?
Muhammad is the final prophet
What is “sunnah”?
Traditions about Muhammad
What is the “shariah”?
Islamic law
The common phrase “if Allah wills” reflects what general view in Muslim belief?
God determines all of life
In popular tales, what have the Muslim “jinn” become?
Genies
What is expressed in the term “lawhid”?
The oneness of God
What does the word “hijra” mean?
Emigration
What is the “ummah”?
The Muslim community as a whole
What is the basic meaning of the word “Jihad”?
Struggle
What is a “fatwa”?
A legal opinion
What does the common Muslim expression “allahu akbar” mean?
God is greatest
What is a hijab
Headcovering worn by man Muslim women
What does the term “Quran” mean?
Recitation
When were hadith collected and organized into authoritative editions?
Two centuries after Muhammad’s death
How many authorized collections of Hadith are generally accepted?
6
What is emphasized in the book “The Revival of the Relgious Sciences”?
Religious experience and revelation
From the Islamic perspective, why is the Old and New Testament not to be trusted?
Jews and Christians had corrupted the text
What made “hadith” reliable
The chain of tradition connected to it
Compared to the material in the Quran from Muhammad’s time in Medina, the material from Mecca is
More abstract
What was Muhammad’s role in the creation of the Quran?
Reciter
The chapters of Quran are arranged largely in what way?
By length
Which writings do Muslims not consider to have come from Allah?
Vedas
How many hadith are generally accepted as reliable by Muslims?
6000
What kind of material in the Quran was subject to abrogation?
Provisional
What period in the Muslim history is captured by the tales of Aladdin and his magic lamps in the “Arabian Nights”
The golden age of the Abbasid Empire
