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Religious Studies 1000 > Chapter 5: Islam > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Islam Flashcards

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1
Q

The Muslim Doctrine of God is

A

An absolute monotheism

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2
Q

Which is not a source of Islamic law?

A

The High Court of Mecca

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3
Q

What best describes the Muslim presentation of the afterlife?

A

Vivid and Detailed

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4
Q

What statement best describes the religious perspective of Islam on the human condition and recovery?

A

Ignorant, in need of clear instruction

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5
Q

What is the ideal government in the eyes of most Shia Muslims?

A

Religion and state are ruled by one person

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6
Q

What event is celebrated on Mawlid?

A

Muhammed’s birthday

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7
Q

What does the “Night of Power” commemorate?

A

Muhammad’s first revelatory experience

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8
Q

What is celebrated on “Id al-Fitr”?

A

End of the Ramadan fast

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9
Q

What is celebrated on Id al-Adha

A

End of the Pilgrimage to Mecca

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10
Q

What does “Id al-Adha” mean?

A

Feast of Sacrifice

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11
Q

What does “Id al-Fitr” mean?

A

Feast of the fast-breaking

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12
Q

What special event is commemorated by the Shia?

A

Martyrdom of Ali and Hussain

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13
Q

Another name for the “Seveners” is

A

Ismailis

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14
Q

Who are the Zaidites?

A

Shia followers of a different fifth imam

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15
Q

What Muslim movement is most responsible for the rise of the fundamentalism in the modern Islam world?

A

Wahhabi

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16
Q

The “Whirling Dervishes” are part of which Muslim movement?

A

Sufi

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17
Q

What early supporters of Ali soon became his violent enemies?

A

Kharijites

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18
Q

What tribe controlled Mecca?

A

Quraysh

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19
Q

What group formed a significant element of the population of Medina when Muhammad was invited to move there?

A

Jews

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20
Q

Why were the Umayyads resented by many of the early converts to Islam?

A

they had been leading opponents of Muhammad

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21
Q

When were the Moors (Muslims) expelled from Spain by Christian armies?

A

1400s

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22
Q

When did Christian crusader armies hold Muslim land in the Middle East?

A

1100’s-1200’s

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23
Q

Where was the Ottoman Empire centred?

A

Turkey

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24
Q

What was the initial stance of the Mughals to non-Muslim religions in india?

A

Tolerant and curious

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25
Q

For most of Muslim history, how many schools of interpretation of Muslim law were judged as orthodox?

A

4

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26
Q

Who/What destroyed the largest Buddha statues in the world 2001?

A

Muslim Taliban

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27
Q

To what subgroup do most Shias belong?

A

Twelvers

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28
Q

What does the word “Shia” mean?

A

Party

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29
Q

What Muslim empire was the greatest empire in the world in the 1500s and 1600s?

A

Ottoman

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30
Q

What empire overthrew the Abbasids?

A

Mongol

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31
Q

What was the Shiite Empire in Egypt called?

A

Fatimid

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32
Q

What strong non-Arab influence affected the Abbasid court?

A

Persian

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33
Q

Where was the Abbasid Empire centred?

A

Baghdad

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34
Q

Where was the Umayyad Empire centred?

A

Damascus

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35
Q

According to Muslim tradition, Abraham is considered to be the father of what nation(s)?

A

Both Arabs and Jews

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36
Q

The Abbasid empire collapsed as which two empires arose?

A

Mogul and Ottoman

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37
Q

The Umayyad dynasty was overthrown by the

A

Abbasids

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38
Q

The major difference between Shiites and Sunnis was

A

their understanding of leadership

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39
Q

A puritanical movement in Islam that fought against mystical groups was the

A

Wahhabis

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40
Q

The major mystical groups in Islam are known as:

A

Sufis

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41
Q

What is a “mullah”?

A

Scholar of Islamic law

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42
Q

What is a “muessin”?

A

One who calls Muslims to prayer

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43
Q

Why did the city of Mecca finally surrender to Muhammad

A

Muhammad had disrupted the caravan trades

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44
Q

Whom did Muhammad select to lead the Muslim community after his death

A

He made no plans for succession

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45
Q

Who is the Mahdi?

A

Muslim messiah figure

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46
Q

What does the term caliph mean?

A

Successor

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47
Q

What is the Arabic word for Jesus?

A

Isa

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48
Q

Most of the activities of a Muslim on pilgrimage are associated with which figurines in the Islamic tradition?

A

Abraham and Ishmael

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49
Q

According to Islam, who was the prophet?

A

Adam

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50
Q

According to Islamic teaching, who conveyed the Quran to Muhammad?

A

The angel Gabriel

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51
Q

In Muslim teaching, who is Iblis?

A

Satan

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52
Q

Over what period of time did Muhammad have mystical experiences of revelation?

A

22 years

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53
Q

Which group did Al-Ghazzali make popular?

A

Sufis

54
Q

The main accomplishment of the first four successors of Muhammad was

A

Conquered much of Mediterranean and Mesopotamia

55
Q

What group does the Aga Khan lead

A

Ismaili

56
Q

Who was Khadija

A

Muhammad’s first wife

57
Q

What is NOT a feature if the first four successors of Muhammad?

A

Young followers of Muhammad

58
Q

Who stopped the Muslim advance in western Europe?

A

Martin of Tours

59
Q

What action did Ataturk NOT take when he became the leader of Turkey?

A

Reestablished the caliphate

60
Q

The Muslim “Dome of the Rock” is built on what site?

A

The destroyed Jewish Temple

61
Q

From what city do Muslims believe that Muhammad ascended to heaven?

A

Jerusalem

62
Q

What is the third most holy city in the Islamic world?

A

Jerusalem

63
Q

What was Yathrib?

A

Original name for the city of Medina

64
Q

In what city was the first Islamic government established?

A

Medina

65
Q

What is the main place of Muslim pilgrimage?

A

Mecca

66
Q

How many gods did the kana contain before the reforms of Muhammad?

A

360

67
Q

What was the extent of the Umayyad Empire?

A

Spain to India

68
Q

What area did the Umayyads retain after their empire fell to the Abbasids?

A

Spain

69
Q

Which Islamic empire captured the Christian city of Constantinople?

A

Ottoman

70
Q

Why did the people of Mecca reject Muhammad?

A

He threatened economic and religious stability

71
Q

What is the main centre of the Shia community today?

A

Iran

72
Q

What is the Taj Mahal?

A

A Muslim mausoleum

73
Q

What does the word “mosque” mean?

A

A place of prostration

74
Q

What is the “Blue” Mosque

A

Major Ottoman mosque in Istanbul

75
Q

What is the central object of attention that is displayed by the kaba?

A

The Black Stone

76
Q

What is the Muslim confession of faith called?

A

Sahahdah

77
Q

In what direction do Muslims pray?

A

Mecca

78
Q

What is the primary purpose of a minaret?

A

Calling Muslims to prayer

79
Q

How many times each day are Muslims called to pray?

A

5

80
Q

When is the time of the primary Muslim communal prayer?

A

Friday noon

81
Q

How many attributes of God do Muslims routine cite?

A

99

82
Q

What/who is the Al-Fatihah?

A

Common prayer of Muslims

83
Q

What is one of the primary forms of Islamic artistic expression?

A

Calligraphy

84
Q

How many beads are used in a muslim rosary?

A

100

85
Q

Halal is to Islam as what is to Judaism?

A

Kosher

86
Q

From what did Sufi “saint worship” develop?

A

High regard for the Sufi masters

87
Q

In Islam, prayer is

A

A duty each day

88
Q

What element is not one of the pillars of Islam

A

Repentance

89
Q

Why do Muslims practice circumcision

A

It was done by Muhammad

90
Q

What is a “rakah”

A

A cycle of movement in prayer

91
Q

What does the term “hajj” specify

A

Muslim pilgrimage

92
Q

Over how many days is the Muslim Pilgrimage carried out?

A

6

93
Q

When do Muslims fast?

A

The month of Ramadan

94
Q

What is the distinctive colour if Islam and said to have been Muhammad’s favourite colour?

A

Green

95
Q

What is the most recognizable symbol of Islam in the modern world

A

Crescent and star

96
Q

What does the word “kaba” mean?

A

Cube

97
Q

What do Muslims mean by the “lesser Jihad”

A

Holy War

98
Q

What is the hadith

A

A story about Muhammad

99
Q

“Shirk” is the primary prohibition in Islam. What does it prohibit?

A

Associating anything with God

100
Q

The term for successor to the Prophet Muhammad in Sunni Islam is

A

Caliph

101
Q

Christians and Jews who did not convert to Islam sought protection as

A

Dhimmis

102
Q

The Shahadah states

A

There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is his prophet

103
Q

What is a surah?

A

A chapter in the Quran

104
Q

The Muslim calendar uses the abbreviation A.H. (Anno hegirae). To what does this refer?

A

The flight of Muhammad from Mecca

105
Q

What is the kaba?

A

The central religious building in Mecca

106
Q

What is implied by calling Muhammad the “seal” of the prophets?

A

Muhammad is the final prophet

107
Q

What is “sunnah”?

A

Traditions about Muhammad

108
Q

What is the “shariah”?

A

Islamic law

109
Q

The common phrase “if Allah wills” reflects what general view in Muslim belief?

A

God determines all of life

110
Q

In popular tales, what have the Muslim “jinn” become?

A

Genies

111
Q

What is expressed in the term “lawhid”?

A

The oneness of God

112
Q

What does the word “hijra” mean?

A

Emigration

113
Q

What is the “ummah”?

A

The Muslim community as a whole

114
Q

What is the basic meaning of the word “Jihad”?

A

Struggle

115
Q

What is a “fatwa”?

A

A legal opinion

116
Q

What does the common Muslim expression “allahu akbar” mean?

A

God is greatest

117
Q

What is a hijab

A

Headcovering worn by man Muslim women

118
Q

What does the term “Quran” mean?

A

Recitation

119
Q

When were hadith collected and organized into authoritative editions?

A

Two centuries after Muhammad’s death

120
Q

How many authorized collections of Hadith are generally accepted?

A

6

121
Q

What is emphasized in the book “The Revival of the Relgious Sciences”?

A

Religious experience and revelation

122
Q

From the Islamic perspective, why is the Old and New Testament not to be trusted?

A

Jews and Christians had corrupted the text

123
Q

What made “hadith” reliable

A

The chain of tradition connected to it

124
Q

Compared to the material in the Quran from Muhammad’s time in Medina, the material from Mecca is

A

More abstract

125
Q

What was Muhammad’s role in the creation of the Quran?

A

Reciter

126
Q

The chapters of Quran are arranged largely in what way?

A

By length

127
Q

Which writings do Muslims not consider to have come from Allah?

A

Vedas

128
Q

How many hadith are generally accepted as reliable by Muslims?

A

6000

129
Q

What kind of material in the Quran was subject to abrogation?

A

Provisional

130
Q

What period in the Muslim history is captured by the tales of Aladdin and his magic lamps in the “Arabian Nights”

A

The golden age of the Abbasid Empire

Religious Studies 1000 (4 decks)

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