Chapter 5: Islam Flashcards
1
Q
The Muslim Doctrine of God is
A
An absolute monotheism
2
Q
Which is not a source of Islamic law?
A
The High Court of Mecca
3
Q
What best describes the Muslim presentation of the afterlife?
A
Vivid and Detailed
4
Q
What statement best describes the religious perspective of Islam on the human condition and recovery?
A
Ignorant, in need of clear instruction
5
Q
What is the ideal government in the eyes of most Shia Muslims?
A
Religion and state are ruled by one person
6
Q
What event is celebrated on Mawlid?
A
Muhammed’s birthday
7
Q
What does the “Night of Power” commemorate?
A
Muhammad’s first revelatory experience
8
Q
What is celebrated on “Id al-Fitr”?
A
End of the Ramadan fast
9
Q
What is celebrated on Id al-Adha
A
End of the Pilgrimage to Mecca
10
Q
What does “Id al-Adha” mean?
A
Feast of Sacrifice
11
Q
What does “Id al-Fitr” mean?
A
Feast of the fast-breaking
12
Q
What special event is commemorated by the Shia?
A
Martyrdom of Ali and Hussain
13
Q
Another name for the “Seveners” is
A
Ismailis
14
Q
Who are the Zaidites?
A
Shia followers of a different fifth imam
15
Q
What Muslim movement is most responsible for the rise of the fundamentalism in the modern Islam world?
A
Wahhabi
16
Q
The “Whirling Dervishes” are part of which Muslim movement?
A
Sufi
17
Q
What early supporters of Ali soon became his violent enemies?
A
Kharijites
18
Q
What tribe controlled Mecca?
A
Quraysh
19
Q
What group formed a significant element of the population of Medina when Muhammad was invited to move there?
A
Jews
20
Q
Why were the Umayyads resented by many of the early converts to Islam?
A
they had been leading opponents of Muhammad
21
Q
When were the Moors (Muslims) expelled from Spain by Christian armies?
A
1400s
22
Q
When did Christian crusader armies hold Muslim land in the Middle East?
A
1100’s-1200’s
23
Q
Where was the Ottoman Empire centred?
A
Turkey
24
Q
What was the initial stance of the Mughals to non-Muslim religions in india?
A
Tolerant and curious
25
For most of Muslim history, how many schools of interpretation of Muslim law were judged as orthodox?
4
26
Who/What destroyed the largest Buddha statues in the world 2001?
Muslim Taliban
27
To what subgroup do most Shias belong?
Twelvers
28
What does the word "Shia" mean?
Party
29
What Muslim empire was the greatest empire in the world in the 1500s and 1600s?
Ottoman
30
What empire overthrew the Abbasids?
Mongol
31
What was the Shiite Empire in Egypt called?
Fatimid
32
What strong non-Arab influence affected the Abbasid court?
Persian
33
Where was the Abbasid Empire centred?
Baghdad
34
Where was the Umayyad Empire centred?
Damascus
35
According to Muslim tradition, Abraham is considered to be the father of what nation(s)?
Both Arabs and Jews
36
The Abbasid empire collapsed as which two empires arose?
Mogul and Ottoman
37
The Umayyad dynasty was overthrown by the
Abbasids
38
The major difference between Shiites and Sunnis was
their understanding of leadership
39
A puritanical movement in Islam that fought against mystical groups was the
Wahhabis
40
The major mystical groups in Islam are known as:
Sufis
41
What is a "mullah"?
Scholar of Islamic law
42
What is a "muessin"?
One who calls Muslims to prayer
43
Why did the city of Mecca finally surrender to Muhammad
Muhammad had disrupted the caravan trades
44
Whom did Muhammad select to lead the Muslim community after his death
He made no plans for succession
45
Who is the Mahdi?
Muslim messiah figure
46
What does the term caliph mean?
Successor
47
What is the Arabic word for Jesus?
Isa
48
Most of the activities of a Muslim on pilgrimage are associated with which figurines in the Islamic tradition?
Abraham and Ishmael
49
According to Islam, who was the prophet?
Adam
50
According to Islamic teaching, who conveyed the Quran to Muhammad?
The angel Gabriel
51
In Muslim teaching, who is Iblis?
Satan
52
Over what period of time did Muhammad have mystical experiences of revelation?
22 years
53
Which group did Al-Ghazzali make popular?
Sufis
54
The main accomplishment of the first four successors of Muhammad was
Conquered much of Mediterranean and Mesopotamia
55
What group does the Aga Khan lead
Ismaili
56
Who was Khadija
Muhammad's first wife
57
What is NOT a feature if the first four successors of Muhammad?
Young followers of Muhammad
58
Who stopped the Muslim advance in western Europe?
Martin of Tours
59
What action did Ataturk NOT take when he became the leader of Turkey?
Reestablished the caliphate
60
The Muslim "Dome of the Rock" is built on what site?
The destroyed Jewish Temple
61
From what city do Muslims believe that Muhammad ascended to heaven?
Jerusalem
62
What is the third most holy city in the Islamic world?
Jerusalem
63
What was Yathrib?
Original name for the city of Medina
64
In what city was the first Islamic government established?
Medina
65
What is the main place of Muslim pilgrimage?
Mecca
66
How many gods did the kana contain before the reforms of Muhammad?
360
67
What was the extent of the Umayyad Empire?
Spain to India
68
What area did the Umayyads retain after their empire fell to the Abbasids?
Spain
69
Which Islamic empire captured the Christian city of Constantinople?
Ottoman
70
Why did the people of Mecca reject Muhammad?
He threatened economic and religious stability
71
What is the main centre of the Shia community today?
Iran
72
What is the Taj Mahal?
A Muslim mausoleum
73
What does the word "mosque" mean?
A place of prostration
74
What is the "Blue" Mosque
Major Ottoman mosque in Istanbul
75
What is the central object of attention that is displayed by the kaba?
The Black Stone
76
What is the Muslim confession of faith called?
Sahahdah
77
In what direction do Muslims pray?
Mecca
78
What is the primary purpose of a minaret?
Calling Muslims to prayer
79
How many times each day are Muslims called to pray?
5
80
When is the time of the primary Muslim communal prayer?
Friday noon
81
How many attributes of God do Muslims routine cite?
99
82
What/who is the Al-Fatihah?
Common prayer of Muslims
83
What is one of the primary forms of Islamic artistic expression?
Calligraphy
84
How many beads are used in a muslim rosary?
100
85
Halal is to Islam as what is to Judaism?
Kosher
86
From what did Sufi "saint worship" develop?
High regard for the Sufi masters
87
In Islam, prayer is
A duty each day
88
What element is not one of the pillars of Islam
Repentance
89
Why do Muslims practice circumcision
It was done by Muhammad
90
What is a "rakah"
A cycle of movement in prayer
91
What does the term "hajj" specify
Muslim pilgrimage
92
Over how many days is the Muslim Pilgrimage carried out?
6
93
When do Muslims fast?
The month of Ramadan
94
What is the distinctive colour if Islam and said to have been Muhammad's favourite colour?
Green
95
What is the most recognizable symbol of Islam in the modern world
Crescent and star
96
What does the word "kaba" mean?
Cube
97
What do Muslims mean by the "lesser Jihad"
Holy War
98
What is the hadith
A story about Muhammad
99
"Shirk" is the primary prohibition in Islam. What does it prohibit?
Associating anything with God
100
The term for successor to the Prophet Muhammad in Sunni Islam is
Caliph
101
Christians and Jews who did not convert to Islam sought protection as
Dhimmis
102
The Shahadah states
There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is his prophet
103
What is a surah?
A chapter in the Quran
104
The Muslim calendar uses the abbreviation A.H. (Anno hegirae). To what does this refer?
The flight of Muhammad from Mecca
105
What is the kaba?
The central religious building in Mecca
106
What is implied by calling Muhammad the "seal" of the prophets?
Muhammad is the final prophet
107
What is "sunnah"?
Traditions about Muhammad
108
What is the "shariah"?
Islamic law
109
The common phrase "if Allah wills" reflects what general view in Muslim belief?
God determines all of life
110
In popular tales, what have the Muslim "jinn" become?
Genies
111
What is expressed in the term "lawhid"?
The oneness of God
112
What does the word "hijra" mean?
Emigration
113
What is the "ummah"?
The Muslim community as a whole
114
What is the basic meaning of the word "Jihad"?
Struggle
115
What is a "fatwa"?
A legal opinion
116
What does the common Muslim expression "allahu akbar" mean?
God is greatest
117
What is a hijab
Headcovering worn by man Muslim women
118
What does the term "Quran" mean?
Recitation
119
When were hadith collected and organized into authoritative editions?
Two centuries after Muhammad's death
120
How many authorized collections of Hadith are generally accepted?
6
121
What is emphasized in the book "The Revival of the Relgious Sciences"?
Religious experience and revelation
122
From the Islamic perspective, why is the Old and New Testament not to be trusted?
Jews and Christians had corrupted the text
123
What made "hadith" reliable
The chain of tradition connected to it
124
Compared to the material in the Quran from Muhammad's time in Medina, the material from Mecca is
More abstract
125
What was Muhammad's role in the creation of the Quran?
Reciter
126
The chapters of Quran are arranged largely in what way?
By length
127
Which writings do Muslims not consider to have come from Allah?
Vedas
128
How many hadith are generally accepted as reliable by Muslims?
6000
129
What kind of material in the Quran was subject to abrogation?
Provisional
130
What period in the Muslim history is captured by the tales of Aladdin and his magic lamps in the "Arabian Nights"
The golden age of the Abbasid Empire
