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Religious Studies 1000 > Chapter 3: Judaism > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Judaism Flashcards

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1
Q

Ideas such as angels and resurrection of the dead are thought to have come into Jewish thinking under what influence?

A

Persian

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2
Q

In what way does matzah bread reflect the hasty departure of the Hebrews from slavery in Egypt?

A

It is unleavened

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3
Q

What is the ritualized meal of the Passover called?

A

seder

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4
Q

Hanukkah commemorates:

A

The purifying of the temple by the Maccabees

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5
Q

What is celebrated in the Jewish festival of Purim?

A

Esther’s saving of diaspora Jews

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6
Q

What is the weekly holy day of the Jews called?

A

Sabbath

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7
Q

What feast celebrates the giving of the Ten Commandments?

A

Shavuot

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8
Q

What festival celebrates the Maccabean victory over the Syrian Greeks?

A

Hanukkah

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9
Q

At what Jewish feast is unleavened bread served?

A

Pesach

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10
Q

What is the name of the Jewish festival remembering the wandering of the Hebrews in the desert after their escape from Egypt?

A

Sukkoth

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11
Q

What Jewish festival celebrates the escape of the Hebrews from Egyptian slavery?

A

Pesach

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12
Q

In what Jewish festival is repentance emphasized?

A

Yom Kippur

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13
Q

What is the Jewish festival fro the New Year

A

Rosh Hashanah

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14
Q

What is the traditional language of Ashkenazi Jews?

A

Yiddish

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15
Q

The Karaites were Jews who were opposed to?

A

Rabbinic Judaism

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16
Q

Which group of Jews was most influenced by Muslim culture?

A

Sephardic

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17
Q

Who were the primary Jewish aristocracy in 1st century Palestine?

A

Sadducees

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18
Q

The Jews began to speculate more about angels and the afterlife after the influences of what conquering empire?

A

Persia

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19
Q

The nation of Judah was defeated and taken into exile by what empire?

A

Babylonians

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20
Q

The nation of Israel was defeated and taken into exile by what empire?

A

Assyrians

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21
Q

After a civil war, the Hebrew people were divided in what way?

A

north/south

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22
Q

Which modern Jewish movement had as its primary objective the establishment of a Jewish homeland?

A

Zionist

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23
Q

Which Jewish group has dismissed most of the ritual elements of Judaism?

A

Reform

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24
Q

What Jewish group practices the most strict Torah observance?

A

Orthodox

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25
Q

What Jewish group controlled the temple and its economy in the century prior to the destruction of the Temple by the Romans?

A

Sadducees

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26
Q

What group of Jews is through to have had the greatest influence on Rabbinic Judaism?

A

Pharisees

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27
Q

In what area were the Essences primarily centred?

A

The Dead Sea

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28
Q

Which Jewish group fought and defeated the Seleucid Greeks in Palestine?

A

Maccabees

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29
Q

According to Jewish tradition, Abraham is considered to be the father of what nation(s)?

A

both Jews and Arabs

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30
Q

What event initially allowed Jews to move into the modern world?

A

the French Revolution

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31
Q

What is “Hasidism”?

A

a set of orthodox Jews

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32
Q

By what name were the Spanish Jews known?

A

Sephardic

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33
Q

The rabbis emphasized what distinctive aspect of Torah?

A

its oral and written character

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34
Q

The Zealots were

A

Jews who fought the Romans

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35
Q

What civilization allowed the Jews in Babylon to return to their homeland in Judea?

A

Persian

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36
Q

Ashkenazi Jews show the cultural influences of what area?

A

Germany

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37
Q

What term describes the theological perspective of the Zionist movement?

A

secular

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38
Q

What reforming Jewish group arose in Poland in the 1700s?

A

Hasidic

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39
Q

Which groups of Jews developed mostly in Christian countries?

A

Ashkenazi

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40
Q

What term is frequently used for a rabbi who is an expert in Torah?

A

Gaon

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41
Q

What were the temple assistants to the Jewish priests called?

A

levites

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42
Q

Who generally performs the rite of circumcision in a Jewish ceremony?

A

mohel

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43
Q

Which person generally leads a Jewish congregation in music and prayer?

A

cantor

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44
Q

After the destruction of the Temple by the Romans, what group became the religious leaders of Judaism?

A

rabbis

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45
Q

A descendant of the Jewish high priestly family is accorded what honour in the synagogue?

A

he is invited to read the Torah passage

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46
Q

What was the title for the head of the Jewish community in Babylon?

A

Exilarch

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47
Q

Mordecai Kaplan founded which branch of Judaism?

A

Reconstructionist

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48
Q

Theodor Herzi founded which Jewish group?

A

World Zionist Organization

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49
Q

What empire conquered Palestine in the 1st century BCE?

A

Roman

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50
Q

Who was not one of the Hebrew patriarchs?

A

Moses

51
Q

Who formulated the “Thirteen Principles of Judaism”?

A

Maimonides

52
Q

According to the Jewish tradition, who was the first human?

A

Adam

53
Q

What term best describes “Herod the Great”?

A

puppet-king under the Romans

54
Q

Who is acclaimed as the great restorer of Torah after the Exile?

A

Ezra

55
Q

Who was the leader or founder of the modern Jewish Enlightenment?

A

Mendelsshohn

56
Q

Rashi was a ___ rabbinic commentator on the Bible and the Talmud

A

French

57
Q

The Great Jewish lawgiver was

A

Moses

58
Q

According to Hebrew tradition, who was the father of the “Twelve Tribes of Israel”?

A

Jacob

59
Q

The ideal king of Jewish history and legend is

A

David

60
Q

Where do most Jews live today?

A

Israel

61
Q

What area became a major center of Judaism as a consequence of the exile of the southern kingdom?

A

Babylonia

62
Q

Where did most Jews live at the beginning of the Christian movement?

A

Roman diaspora

63
Q

Which theory of the origins of the Hebrew nation best fits the biblical storyline?

A

conquest of Palestine by outside Hebrew force

64
Q

According to the biblical tradition, the Hebrews were once slaves in what country?

A

Egypt

65
Q

What is the “Wailing Wall”?

A

the western wall of the Jewish temple

66
Q

The story of the giving of the Ten Commandments is set around what area?

A

Mount Sinai

67
Q

Who destroyed Herod’s Temple?

A

Romans

68
Q

When were the Jews expelled from Spain?

A

1492 CE

69
Q

In what period was the modern State of Israel founded?

A

1900s

70
Q

What is the term for the seven-day period of mourning following the death of a member of the Jewish community?

A

shivah

71
Q

What is the meaning of the term “Bar Mitzvah”?

A

son of the commandment

72
Q

What synagogue ceremony marks the Jewish boy’s maturity?

A

reading from the Torah

73
Q

To what does the term “bris” refer?

A

circumcision

74
Q

What is a “tall it”?

A

a Jewish prayer shawl

75
Q

What is the primary obligation of Israel in their covenant with Yahweh?

A

observance of Torah

76
Q

How many commandments are identified in the Jewish scriptures?

A

613

77
Q

The primary Jewish prayer is called?

A

Shema

78
Q

Jewish boys are initiated into adulthood by a ceremony called?

A

Bar Mitzvah

79
Q

In what building do Jews no regularly worship?

A

synagogue

80
Q

What Jewish group first introduced a “Bat Mitzvah” ceremony for girls?

A

Reconstructionist

81
Q

What is the term for the boxes containing parts of the Torah wrapped around the right arm
and strapped to the forehead of Jewish males in prayer?

A

tefillin

82
Q

What kinds of foods are not eaten together by those who keep a kosher diet

A

dairy and meat

83
Q

What is the name of the head covering worn by Jewish men, particularly when they are at prayer?

A

Kippah

84
Q

The popular symbol of modern Judaism is the “Star of David”. The symbol is not a start but a ___?

A

shield

85
Q

What was the most recognized symbol of Judaism in the ancient world?

A

Menorah

86
Q

What group popularized the “Star of David” symbol?

A

Zionist

87
Q

What does a mezuzah contain?

A

portions of Torah

88
Q

What term in kosher labelling identifies food that can be eaten either with dairy or meat products?

A

parve

89
Q

In Kabbalistic speculation, God is often referred to as the “Ein Sof”. What does this term mean?

A

the Unlimited

90
Q

The term “Ten Lost Tribes” refers to what group of people?

A

exiled Hebrews under the Assyrians

91
Q

What does the term “diaspora” mean?

A

dispersion

92
Q

What does the term “Zion” identify?

A

God’s Holy Hill

93
Q

What is the term for the institute at which rabbinical students study?

A

yeshiva

94
Q

To what does the term “Tetragrammaton” refer?

A

the four-letter name of the Hebrew God

95
Q

Jews frequently will spell the word “God” by?

A

putting a hyphen in place of the vowel “O”

96
Q

What Semitic word is a generic term for God?

A

elohim

97
Q

By what term is legal material in Jewish writings known?

A

Halakkah

98
Q

The term “Jewish diaspora” identifies?

A

Jews living outside Palestine

99
Q

The word Tanak identifies?

A

the Jewish Bible

100
Q

What is the “Gemara”?

A

part of the Talmud

101
Q

What is the “Kabbalah”?

A

secret, mystical knowledge in Judaism

102
Q

The Hebrew God is called

A

Yahweh

103
Q

What word or phrase has come into the English language as a result of the Holocaust?

A

Genocide

104
Q

What is another name for the Holocaust?

A

Shoah

105
Q

In order to avoid pronouncing the name of God, Jews sometimes use the circumlocution “Ha-shem”. What does this term mean?

A

the Name

106
Q

Which is not one of the prohibitions of the Ten Commandments?

A

drinking intoxicants

107
Q

What is another ten for the “Ten Commandments”?

A

decalogue

108
Q

The Hebrew Patriarchs are presented as?

A

nomads

109
Q

To what period does the term “First Temple” refer?

A

from beginning of monarchy to exile

110
Q

To what period does the term “Second Temple Judaism” refer?

A

return from exile to Roman victory

111
Q

The term “Hellenism” refers to the influences of what culture?

A

Greek

112
Q

What does the term “Haskalah” identify?

A

the Jewish Enlightenment

113
Q

What is meant by the term “The Final Solution”?

A

the extermination of Jews under the Nazis

114
Q

What does the word “kosher” mean?

A

proper

115
Q

The “Documentary Hypothesis” attempts to explain what feature of the Hebrew Bible?

A

sources behind the Pentateuch

116
Q

What are the three parts of the Hebrew Bible?

A

Torah, Writings, and Prophets

117
Q

What word best describes the Torah of the Mishnah?

A

oral

118
Q

Which Talmud had the most influence on Judaism?

A

Babylonian

119
Q

After the completion of the Talmud, rabbis addressed new situations by what means?

A

responsa

120
Q

What is the most popular guidebook for Torah observance for the modern observant Jew?

A

Shulchan Aruch

121
Q

What was the Bible of the Samaritans?

A

a version of the Pentateuch

122
Q

When do most scholars think that much of the Hebrew Bible was compiled?

A

between the Babylonian exile and the rise of Christianity

123
Q

Rabbis spoke of the need for a fence around Torah. What did this indicate about the rabbis’ view of Torah?

A

Torah was important and should not be violated

Religious Studies 1000 (4 decks)

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