Chapter 4: Christianity Flashcards by Pragya Agarwal

What traditional Christian belief was not challenged by Deism?

monotheism

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What was not one of the charges brought by pagans against the early Christian movement?

sexually immoral

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What does the Feast of the Epiphany celebrate in the western Christian church?

the visit of the magi

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The Christian celebration of Easter was once associated with which Jewish festival?

Passover

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During what Jewish feast was Jesus executed?

Passover

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What feast celebrates the descent of the Holy Spirit on the first Christians?

Pentecost

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What is the significance of the year 1054 CE?

schism between eastern and western Christianity

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What is the monastic rule used by Western Christendom?

Rule of Benedict

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From what group of people did Christianity originally draw for their saints?

Martyrs

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What Germanic tribe helped Christianize western Europe?

Franks

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Which group brought the Byzantine Empire to an end?

Ottoman Turks

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What Protestant group became the state church of the Scandinavian countries?

Lutheran

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What are native Egyptian Christian churches called?

Coptic

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The “Charismatic Movement” is related to which North American religion?

Pentecostal

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What is another name for the “Eastern Orthodox” or “Eastern Rite” church?

Byzantine

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What two groups are linked by the doctrine of “apostolic succession”?

Bishops to Apostles

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Who opposed the use of the term “Mother of God” for Mary?

Nestorians

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What was the primary emphasis of gnosticism?

Dualism

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Which Christian group below did not begin in North America?

Methodist

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What is the largest Protestant movement?

Pentecostal

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What is the largest Protestant group in the United States?

Baptist

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What is the term for an Eastern rite church in communion with the Roman Catholic Church?

Uniate

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From what group did the Protestant movement arise?

Roman Catholic

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What was the distinctive belief of the Monophysites?

Christ had one nature, the divine

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What was the main "heretical" belief in the western church?

Arianism

Which theological belief emphasized the rule of natural law?

Deism

Which group attempted to create a "middle way" between Catholicism and the main churches of the Protestant reform?

Anglican

Which early Protestant group rejected church/state ties?

Anabaptist

Twentieth-century catholic reform came out of?

Vatican II

What word best describes the movement of which the Methodists were a part?

Pietism

Who are the Anabaptists?

Adult baptizers of the Protestant Reformation

The two major divisions within Christianity are?

Catholic and Orthodox

Which Christian group rejected the used of the Hebrew Bible?

Marcionites

In what period did the Roman Empire become Christian?

300's CE

The office of priest is rooted in what early church office?

Presbyter

Over what part of Christianity is the pope the head?

the Latin West

The chief office in the early Christian church was

Bishop

What is the chief religious leader in Eastern Orthodox churches called?

Patriarch

Which early bishop wrote a history of the church from the time of Jesus to the reign of Constantine?

Eusebius

What church did John Wesley found?

Methodist

Under what Christian emperor did the Eastern Roman Empire revive?

Justinian

Who was primarily responsible for developing Palestine into the Christian "Holy Land"?

Helena

What is the age of Charlemagne the Great called?

Carolingian

Early Christians claimed Jesus was the son of what prominent character in the Hebrew Bible?

David

Who was the major theologian of early Protestantism?

Calvin

Henry VIII was responsible for the founding of what church?

Anglican

Which early Christian theologian is responsible for the developed belief in "original sin"?

Augustine

Most of Catholic theology in the last 700 years has been heavily influenced by:

Aqunias

Who is considered the most influential theologian of Scholasticism?

Aquinas

What was the theme of much of the writings of Augustine?

Grace of God and original sin

Christians have generally accepted the "Old Testament." What early Christian leader rejected the Old Testament?

Marcion

What issue is most prominent in Luther's Ninety-Five Theses?

Indulgences

Who wrote the Summa Theologica?

Aquinas

When did Augustine write "The City of God"?

As the western Roman Empire was collapsing

What is the Hagia Sophia?

A church in Istanbul

Where was Roman Catholicism largely located prior to the 1500s

Western Europe

What was the primary language of the eastern areas of the Roman Empire at the beginning of Christianity?

Greek

What is the centre of eastern Christian monasticism?

Mount Athos

The Catholics tried to check the force of early Protestantism at

The Council of Trent

Where does the Pope reside?

Vatican City

Where was Jesus born according to early Christian tradition

Bethlehem

What area took over the leadership of Eastern Orthodoxy after Constantinople fell to the Muslims?

Moscow

How many sacraments does the Roman Catholic Church affirm?

What was main debate regarding baptism during the Protestant Reformation?

Whether children should be baptized

What is the primary rite of the initiation into the Christian church?

Baptism

What is a major practice during the season of Lent?

a 40 day fast

What is another name for "The Lord's Prayer"?

the "Our Father"

Which term is not a synonym for the Eucharist?

Matzah

According to the gospels, what aspect of Jewish religion did Jesus NOT criticize?

Circumcision

What are elements usually used in the Christian Eucharist?

Bread and Wine

What does the term "chi-rho" identify?

Christian symbol popularized by Constantine

What is the symbol based on the acrostic IXTHUS (Jesus Christ, son of God, savior)?

Fish

What do the letters "IHC" stand for?

First 3 letters in the Latin word for Jesus

In early Christian debates, what was the "Son" often identified as?

Logos

Which term would the Arians not apply to the Logos?

Eternal

To what does the term "Holy Roman Empire" refer?

The medieval Christian Empire in Western Europe

What term is used for the first three gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke)?

Synoptic

What was the term for the struggle between popes and monarchs over the control over ecclesiastical appointments?

Investiture Contoversy

What ideas dominated much of the religious speculation in Palestine during the lifetime of Jesus?

Apocalyptic

What "religious" war devastated Germany in the 1600s?

The Thirty Years War

What is the dominant Christian view of God called?

Trinitarianism

What element was NOT a key in the early church's ability to create and maintain unity?

Confessional

What do the letters INRI refer to?

Latin: Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews

What does the word "Christ" mean?

Anointed

When was the abbreviation B.C. first used in dating schemes?

1600's

What aspect of Jewish religion was not borrowed by Christians?

circumcision

What does the word "medieval" mean?

Middle

What belief did the Chalcedon Definition of Faith maintain?

Christ with two natures: fully human and divine

In efforts to reconstruct the "Historical Jesus," what elements of the stories in the gospels have been generally treated as unhistorical?

Miracles

What does the word "catholic" mean?

Universal

What type of church structure does the Reformed church promote?

Presbyterian

What was the bishop of the chief city of a Roman province called?

Metropolitan

Who were the "magi"?

The "wise men" of the Christmas story

What does the word "pope" mean?

Father

What kind of church government and hierarchy is identified by the term "autocephalous"?

Eastern Orthodox

What was the name of the Bible widely used by the earliest Christians?

Septuagint

What are the main parts of the distinctive Christian canon?

Paul's writings and the Gospels

Jerome's translation of the Bible (the Vulgate) was written in what language?

Latin

The Apocrypha is a collection of books that appear in some Christian Bibles but are rejected by which group?

Protestants

What was the popular name of the most famous translation of the Bible in English (officially known as the "Authorized Version").

King James Version

What period do the four gospels primarily cover?

Jesus's life as a religious reformer

What is the prominent message of Jesus in most of the gospels?

The Kingdom of God

Stories of Jesus's exploits as a boy are found primarily in what writings?

2nd and 3rd century "infancy" gospels

For early Christians, what was their favourite part of the Hebrew Bible?

Prophets