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Religious Studies 1000 > Chapter 4: Christianity > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Christianity Flashcards

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1
Q

What traditional Christian belief was not challenged by Deism?

A

monotheism

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2
Q

What was not one of the charges brought by pagans against the early Christian movement?

A

sexually immoral

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3
Q

What does the Feast of the Epiphany celebrate in the western Christian church?

A

the visit of the magi

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4
Q

The Christian celebration of Easter was once associated with which Jewish festival?

A

Passover

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5
Q

During what Jewish feast was Jesus executed?

A

Passover

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6
Q

What feast celebrates the descent of the Holy Spirit on the first Christians?

A

Pentecost

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7
Q

What is the significance of the year 1054 CE?

A

schism between eastern and western Christianity

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8
Q

What is the monastic rule used by Western Christendom?

A

Rule of Benedict

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9
Q

From what group of people did Christianity originally draw for their saints?

A

Martyrs

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10
Q

What Germanic tribe helped Christianize western Europe?

A

Franks

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11
Q

Which group brought the Byzantine Empire to an end?

A

Ottoman Turks

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12
Q

What Protestant group became the state church of the Scandinavian countries?

A

Lutheran

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13
Q

What are native Egyptian Christian churches called?

A

Coptic

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14
Q

The “Charismatic Movement” is related to which North American religion?

A

Pentecostal

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15
Q

What is another name for the “Eastern Orthodox” or “Eastern Rite” church?

A

Byzantine

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16
Q

What two groups are linked by the doctrine of “apostolic succession”?

A

Bishops to Apostles

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17
Q

Who opposed the use of the term “Mother of God” for Mary?

A

Nestorians

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18
Q

What was the primary emphasis of gnosticism?

A

Dualism

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19
Q

Which Christian group below did not begin in North America?

A

Methodist

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20
Q

What is the largest Protestant movement?

A

Pentecostal

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21
Q

What is the largest Protestant group in the United States?

A

Baptist

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22
Q

What is the term for an Eastern rite church in communion with the Roman Catholic Church?

A

Uniate

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23
Q

From what group did the Protestant movement arise?

A

Roman Catholic

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24
Q

What was the distinctive belief of the Monophysites?

A

Christ had one nature, the divine

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25
Q

What was the main “heretical” belief in the western church?

A

Arianism

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26
Q

Which theological belief emphasized the rule of natural law?

A

Deism

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27
Q

Which group attempted to create a “middle way” between Catholicism and the main churches of the Protestant reform?

A

Anglican

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28
Q

Which early Protestant group rejected church/state ties?

A

Anabaptist

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29
Q

Twentieth-century catholic reform came out of?

A

Vatican II

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30
Q

What word best describes the movement of which the Methodists were a part?

A

Pietism

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31
Q

Who are the Anabaptists?

A

Adult baptizers of the Protestant Reformation

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32
Q

The two major divisions within Christianity are?

A

Catholic and Orthodox

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33
Q

Which Christian group rejected the used of the Hebrew Bible?

A

Marcionites

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34
Q

In what period did the Roman Empire become Christian?

A

300’s CE

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35
Q

The office of priest is rooted in what early church office?

A

Presbyter

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36
Q

Over what part of Christianity is the pope the head?

A

the Latin West

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37
Q

The chief office in the early Christian church was

A

Bishop

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38
Q

What is the chief religious leader in Eastern Orthodox churches called?

A

Patriarch

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39
Q

Which early bishop wrote a history of the church from the time of Jesus to the reign of Constantine?

A

Eusebius

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40
Q

What church did John Wesley found?

A

Methodist

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41
Q

Under what Christian emperor did the Eastern Roman Empire revive?

A

Justinian

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42
Q

Who was primarily responsible for developing Palestine into the Christian “Holy Land”?

A

Helena

43
Q

What is the age of Charlemagne the Great called?

A

Carolingian

44
Q

Early Christians claimed Jesus was the son of what prominent character in the Hebrew Bible?

A

David

45
Q

Who was the major theologian of early Protestantism?

A

Calvin

46
Q

Henry VIII was responsible for the founding of what church?

A

Anglican

47
Q

Which early Christian theologian is responsible for the developed belief in “original sin”?

A

Augustine

48
Q

Most of Catholic theology in the last 700 years has been heavily influenced by:

A

Aqunias

49
Q

Who is considered the most influential theologian of Scholasticism?

A

Aquinas

50
Q

What was the theme of much of the writings of Augustine?

A

Grace of God and original sin

51
Q

Christians have generally accepted the “Old Testament.” What early Christian leader rejected the Old Testament?

A

Marcion

52
Q

What issue is most prominent in Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses?

A

Indulgences

53
Q

Who wrote the Summa Theologica?

A

Aquinas

54
Q

When did Augustine write “The City of God”?

A

As the western Roman Empire was collapsing

55
Q

What is the Hagia Sophia?

A

A church in Istanbul

56
Q

Where was Roman Catholicism largely located prior to the 1500s

A

Western Europe

57
Q

What was the primary language of the eastern areas of the Roman Empire at the beginning of Christianity?

A

Greek

58
Q

What is the centre of eastern Christian monasticism?

A

Mount Athos

59
Q

The Catholics tried to check the force of early Protestantism at

A

The Council of Trent

60
Q

Where does the Pope reside?

A

Vatican City

61
Q

Where was Jesus born according to early Christian tradition

A

Bethlehem

62
Q

What area took over the leadership of Eastern Orthodoxy after Constantinople fell to the Muslims?

A

Moscow

63
Q

How many sacraments does the Roman Catholic Church affirm?

A

7

64
Q

What was main debate regarding baptism during the Protestant Reformation?

A

Whether children should be baptized

65
Q

What is the primary rite of the initiation into the Christian church?

A

Baptism

66
Q

What is a major practice during the season of Lent?

A

a 40 day fast

67
Q

What is another name for “The Lord’s Prayer”?

A

the “Our Father”

68
Q

Which term is not a synonym for the Eucharist?

A

Matzah

69
Q

According to the gospels, what aspect of Jewish religion did Jesus NOT criticize?

A

Circumcision

70
Q

What are elements usually used in the Christian Eucharist?

A

Bread and Wine

71
Q

What does the term “chi-rho” identify?

A

Christian symbol popularized by Constantine

72
Q

What is the symbol based on the acrostic IXTHUS (Jesus Christ, son of God, savior)?

A

Fish

73
Q

What do the letters “IHC” stand for?

A

First 3 letters in the Latin word for Jesus

74
Q

In early Christian debates, what was the “Son” often identified as?

A

Logos

75
Q

Which term would the Arians not apply to the Logos?

A

Eternal

76
Q

To what does the term “Holy Roman Empire” refer?

A

The medieval Christian Empire in Western Europe

77
Q

What term is used for the first three gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke)?

A

Synoptic

78
Q

What was the term for the struggle between popes and monarchs over the control over ecclesiastical appointments?

A

Investiture Contoversy

79
Q

What ideas dominated much of the religious speculation in Palestine during the lifetime of Jesus?

A

Apocalyptic

80
Q

What “religious” war devastated Germany in the 1600s?

A

The Thirty Years War

81
Q

What is the dominant Christian view of God called?

A

Trinitarianism

82
Q

What element was NOT a key in the early church’s ability to create and maintain unity?

A

Confessional

83
Q

What do the letters INRI refer to?

A

Latin: Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews

84
Q

What does the word “Christ” mean?

A

Anointed

85
Q

When was the abbreviation B.C. first used in dating schemes?

A

1600’s

86
Q

What aspect of Jewish religion was not borrowed by Christians?

A

circumcision

87
Q

What does the word “medieval” mean?

A

Middle

88
Q

What belief did the Chalcedon Definition of Faith maintain?

A

Christ with two natures: fully human and divine

89
Q

In efforts to reconstruct the “Historical Jesus,” what elements of the stories in the gospels have been generally treated as unhistorical?

A

Miracles

90
Q

What does the word “catholic” mean?

A

Universal

91
Q

What type of church structure does the Reformed church promote?

A

Presbyterian

92
Q

What was the bishop of the chief city of a Roman province called?

A

Metropolitan

93
Q

Who were the “magi”?

A

The “wise men” of the Christmas story

94
Q

What does the word “pope” mean?

A

Father

95
Q

What kind of church government and hierarchy is identified by the term “autocephalous”?

A

Eastern Orthodox

96
Q

What was the name of the Bible widely used by the earliest Christians?

A

Septuagint

97
Q

What are the main parts of the distinctive Christian canon?

A

Paul’s writings and the Gospels

98
Q

Jerome’s translation of the Bible (the Vulgate) was written in what language?

A

Latin

99
Q

The Apocrypha is a collection of books that appear in some Christian Bibles but are rejected by which group?

A

Protestants

100
Q

What was the popular name of the most famous translation of the Bible in English (officially known as the “Authorized Version”).

A

King James Version

101
Q

What period do the four gospels primarily cover?

A

Jesus’s life as a religious reformer

102
Q

What is the prominent message of Jesus in most of the gospels?

A

The Kingdom of God

103
Q

Stories of Jesus’s exploits as a boy are found primarily in what writings?

A

2nd and 3rd century “infancy” gospels

104
Q

For early Christians, what was their favourite part of the Hebrew Bible?

A

Prophets

Religious Studies 1000 (4 decks)

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