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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY > Chapter 5: Ionic and Molecular Compounds > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Ionic and Molecular Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

Atoms form ____ ions when they lose electrons

A

positively charged

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2
Q

Atoms form ____ ions when they gain electrons

A

Negatively charged

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3
Q

____ are formed by the strong attractive forces between positive
and negative ions

A

Ionic bonds

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4
Q

____ are formed when atoms lose, gain,
or share valence electrons to acquire an octet of eight valence electrons (octet rule).

A

Chemical bonds

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5
Q

____ occur when valence electrons of a metal atom are transferred to the atom of a
nonmetal.

A

Ionic bonds

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6
Q

Ionic bonds occur when valence electrons of a
_____ are transferred to the atom of a
____

A

metal atom, nonmetal

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7
Q

____ occur when nonmetal atoms
share electrons to attain a noble gas arrangement

A

Covalent bonds

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8
Q

Covalent bonds occur when ____
share electrons to attain a noble gas arrangement.

A

nonmetal atoms

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9
Q

Metals, Group 1A (1),Group 2A (2), and Group 3A (13) have:

A
  • have low ionization energies.
  • readily lose one or more of their valence electrons to form ions with a positive charge.
  • lose electrons until they have the same number of valence electrons as the nearest noble gas, usually eight valence electrons.
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10
Q

Metals ___ until they have the same number of valence electrons

A

lose electrons

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11
Q

Sodium will ___ lose its electrons to form the octet rule

A

lose

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12
Q

Magnesium atoms in Group 2A (2) are neutral, will ___ electrons

A

lose 2

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13
Q

Nonmetals, Group 5A (15), Group 6A (16), andGroup 7A (17) have:

A
  • have high ionization energies.
  • readily gain one or more valence electrons to form
    ions with a negative charge.
  • gain electrons until they have the same number of
    valence electrons as the nearest noble gas, usually eight valence electrons.
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14
Q

Nonmetals are the following group :

A

Group 5A (15), Group 6A (16), and
Group 7A (17)

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15
Q

Nonmetals readily gain one or more valence electrons to form
ions with ____

A

a negative charge.

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16
Q

Metal group that has 3+ charge

A

Group 3A

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17
Q

Metal group that has 2+ charge

A

Group 2A

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18
Q

Metal group that has 1+ charge

A

Group 1A

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19
Q

Nonmetal group that has 2- charge

A

group 6A

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20
Q

Nonmetal group that has 3- charge

A

group 5A

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21
Q

Nonmetal group that has 1- charge

A

group 7A

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22
Q

ca 2+ name

A

Calcium ion

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23
Q

Cl- name

A

chloride

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24
Q

____ consist of
positive and negative charges
held together by the strong
electrical attractions between
oppositely charged ions

A

Ionic compounds

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25
Q

_____ are important in regulating body function

A

ions

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26
Q

Na+ function in the body

A

Regulation and control of
body fluids

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27
Q

K+ function in the body

A

Regulation of body fluids
and cellular functions

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28
Q

Ca2+ function in the body

A

Major cation in bones,
needed for muscle
contractions

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29
Q

Mg2+ function in the body

A

Essential for certain
enzymes, muscles, and
nerve control

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30
Q

Na+ occurrence

A

Principal cation
outside the cell

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31
Q

K+ occurrence

A

Principal cation
outside the cell

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32
Q

Ca2+ occurrence

A

Major cation in bones,
needed for muscle
contractions

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33
Q

Mg2+ occurrence

A

Cation outside the
cell; found in bones

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34
Q

Na+ food source

A

Salt, cheese,
pickles

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35
Q

K+ Food source

A

Bananas, potatoes,
orange juice, milk

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36
Q

Ca2+ Food source

A

Milk, yogurt,
cheese, greens,
spinach

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37
Q

Mg2+ food source

A

Chlorophyll, nuts,
grains

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38
Q

A compound that consist of positive and negative ions.

A

Ionic compounds

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39
Q

Ionic compounds have attractions called ____ between
positively and negatively charged ions.

A

ionic bonds

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40
Q

Ionic compound physical characteristics:

A
  • have high melting points.
  • are solids at room temperature
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41
Q

___ is
more commonly
known as table salt.

A

Sodium chloride

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42
Q

In chemical formula, the symbols and subscripts are written in the _____ of the atoms or ion

A

lowest whole-number ratio

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43
Q

In a chemical formula, the sum of ion charges equals ___

A

0

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44
Q

In a chemical formula, the total positive charge = ____

A

total negative charge.

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45
Q

To get the ionic formula, the superscript charge of elements should be ____

A

criss-cross

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46
Q

Al^3+ N^3- in ionic formula

A

Al3N3 or AlN (simplified)

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47
Q

Li ^+ O^2- in ionic formula

A

Li2O

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48
Q

Pb^4+ O^2-

A

Pb2O4 or PbO2 (simplified)

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49
Q

Na+ and O2− correct ionic formula

A

Na2O

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50
Q

Al3+ and Cl− correct ionic formula

A

AlCl3

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51
Q

Mg2+ and N3− correct formula

A

Mg2N3

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52
Q

How to check if the ionic formula is correct?

A

if the net charge is zero

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53
Q

what is the ionic formula and net charge of Na+ and O2−?

A

Na2O (net charge: 2 (1+)+ 1(2-) =0)

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54
Q

what is the ionic formula and net charge of Mg2+ and N3− ?

A

Mg3N2 (Net charge: 3(2+) + 2(3-)= 0)

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55
Q

When naming an ionic compound, the name of the_____ is written first and is the ___ as the name of the element

A

metal, same (eg. Sodium chloride)

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56
Q

When naming an ionic compound, the name of the ____ is the first syllable of the nonmetal name + ____ ending and is written second.

A

nonmetal, ide ( eg. Sodium chloride)

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57
Q

When naming an ionic compound, a ___ is placed between the name of the metal and nonmetal ion.

A

space

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58
Q

What is the name of ionic compound KI?

A

Potassium Iodide

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59
Q

What is the name of ionic compound MgBr2?

A

Magnesium bromide

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60
Q

What is the name of ionic compound Al2O3?

A

Aluminum oxide

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61
Q

Cation is ?

A

Positive

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62
Q

Anion is ?

A

negative

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63
Q

Name the ____ by its element name

A

Cation

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64
Q

Name the ___ by using the first
syllable of its element name
followed by ___

A

Anion, -ide

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65
Q

What is the name of the ionic compound K2O?

A

Potassium oxide

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66
Q

What is the name of the ionic compound CaO?

A

Calcium oxide

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67
Q

What is the name of the ionic compound MgCl2?

A

Magnesium chloride

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68
Q

CaO, identify the cation and anion.

A

Ca2+ cation and O2- anion

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69
Q

Name the cation by its element name, Al2O3

A

Al3+ aluminum (cation includes the charge)

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70
Q

MgCl2: The anion is

A

Cl-, chloride

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71
Q

NaBr- ionic compound name

A

Sodium bromide

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72
Q

Na2S ionic compound name

A

Sodium sulfide

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73
Q

Na3N ionic compound name

A

Sodium nitride

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74
Q

Al2S3 ionic compound name

A

Aluminum sulfide

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75
Q

AlBr3 ionic compound name

A

Aluminum bromide

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76
Q

AlN ionic compound name

A

Aluminum nitride

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77
Q

Transition metals except ___, ___, ___ form 2 or more positive ions (cations)

A

Zn2+, Cd2+, and Ag+

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78
Q

For transition metals, ____ equal to the ion charge is placed in parentheses immediately after the metal name

A

Roman numeral

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79
Q

Cu2+ name

A

copper (ll)

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80
Q

Fe3+ name

A

iron(III)

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81
Q

Pb4+ name

A

lead (IV)

82
Q

Cr2+ name

A

Chromium (II)

83
Q

Bi3+ name

A

bismuth (III)

84
Q

Bi5+ name

A

Bismuth(V)

85
Q

Au+ name

A

Gold (I)

86
Q

Au3+ name

A

Gold (III)

87
Q

Mn2+ name

A

Manganese (II)

88
Q

Mn3+ name

A

Manganese (III)

89
Q

Sn2+ name

A

Tin (II)

90
Q

Sn4+ name

A

Tin (IV)

91
Q

Co2+ name

A

Cobalt (II)

92
Q

Ni 2+ name

A

Nickel (II)

93
Q

Ni3+ name

A

Nickel (III)

94
Q

Hg2+ name

A

mercury(II)

95
Q

Hg3+ name

A

Mercury (III)

96
Q

MnF2

A

Manganese (II) fluoride

97
Q

The roman numeral is based on the ___ of the transition metal

A

charge

98
Q

this also includes to the transition metal

A

Al3+, Sn2+, Sn4+, Pb 2+, Pb4+, Bi3+, Bi 5+

99
Q

Name the ionic compound SnO2

A

Tin (IV) oxide

100
Q

Chromium charges:

A

Cr2+ and Cr3+

101
Q

Manganese charges:

A

Mn2+ and Mn3+

102
Q

Iron charges:

A

Fe2+ and Fe3+

103
Q

Cobalt charges:

A

Co2+ and Co3+

104
Q

Nickel charges:

A

Ni2+ and Ni3+

105
Q

Copper charges

A

Cu1+ and Cu2+

106
Q

Zinc charges:

A

Zn2+

107
Q

Silver charges:

A

Ag1+

108
Q

gold charges:

A

Au1+ and Au3+

109
Q

cadmium charges

A

Cd2+

110
Q

Mercury charges:

A

Hg2^2+ and Hg2+

111
Q

Aluminum charges:

A

Al3+

112
Q

Tin charges:

A

Sn2+ and Sn4+

113
Q

Lead charges:

A

Pb2+ and Pb4+

114
Q

Bismuth charges:

A

Bi3+ and Bi5+

115
Q

Name the FeCl2

A

Iron(II) chloride

116
Q

SnO2 name

A

Tin (IV) oxide

117
Q

Name of the PbS2

A

Lead (IV) sulfur

118
Q

Formula for the nickel(ii) sulfide

A

Ni2S2

119
Q

Formula of the ionic compound Zinc chloride

A

ZnCl

120
Q

Formula for the Iron(III) oxide

A

FeO3

121
Q

based the __ of the element for the last number of the electronic configuration

A

charge

122
Q

What is the electronic configuration of the Na2+

A

1s2 2s2 2p6 = [Ne]

123
Q

___ are a group of atoms with an overall charge

A

Polyatomic ions

124
Q

____ often consist of a nonmetal such as phosphorus, sulfur, carbon, or nitrogen and
oxygen.

A

Polyatomic ions

125
Q

Polyatomic ions often consist of a nonmetal such as

A

phosphorus, sulfur, carbon, or nitrogen and
oxygen

126
Q

Polyatomic ions usually have ,, or _ charge

A

1−, 2−, or 3− charge

127
Q

Polyatomic ions have a negative charge, except for _____, which has a positive charge

A

NH4+
ammonium

128
Q

Many products contain _____, which are groups of ions that have an ionic charge.

A

polyatomic ions

129
Q

Nonmetal: Hydrogen
formula of Ion: OH-
What is the name of the ion?

A

Hydroxide

130
Q

Nonmetal: Nitrogen
formula of Ion: Cl04-
What is the name of the ion?

A

Perchlorate

131
Q

Nonmetal: Nitrogen
formula of Ion: Cl03-
What is the name of the ion?

A

Chlorate

132
Q

Nonmetal: Nitrogen
formula of Ion: Cl02-
What is the name of the ion?

A

Chlorite

133
Q

Nonmetal: Nitrogen
formula of Ion: Cl0-
What is the name of the ion?

A

Hypochlorite

134
Q

Nonmetal: carbon
formula of Ion: CO3^2-
What is the name of the ion?

A

Carbonate

135
Q

Nonmetal: carbon
formula of Ion: HCO3-
What is the name of the ion?

A

Hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate

136
Q

Nonmetal: carbon
formula of Ion: CN-
What is the name of the ion?

A

Cyanide

137
Q

Nonmetal: carbon
formula of Ion: C2H3O2
What is the name of the ion?

A

Acetate

138
Q

Nonmetal: Sulfur
formula of Ion: SO4^2-
What is the name of the ion?

A

Sulfate

139
Q

Nonmetal: Sulfur
formula of Ion: HSO4-
What is the name of the ion?

A

Hydrogen sulfate (or bisulfate)

140
Q

Nonmetal: Sulfur
formula of Ion: SO3^2-
What is the name of the ion?

A

Sulfite

141
Q

Nonmetal: Sulfur
formula of Ion: HSO3-
What is the name of the ion?

A

Hydrogen sulfite or bisulfite

142
Q

Nonmetal: Phosphorus
formula of Ion: PO4^3-
What is the name of the ion?

A

Phosphate

143
Q

Nonmetal: Phosphorus
formula of Ion: HPO4^2-
What is the name of the ion?

A

Hydrogen phosphate

144
Q

Nonmetal: Phosphorus
formula of Ion: H2PO4
What is the name of the ion?

A

Dihydrogen phosphate

145
Q

Nonmetal: Phosphorus
formula of Ion: PO3^3-
What is the name of the ion?

A

Phosphite

146
Q

Names of most common polyatomic ions end in ____

A

-ate (eg. SO4^2−sulfate
PO4^3−phosphate
NO3− nitrate)

147
Q

When a related ion has one less oxygen, its name
ends in ____

A

-ite. (eg. SO3^2−sulfite
PO3^3−phosphite
NO2− nitrite )

148
Q

Exceptions to the rules in polyatomic ions rules are the following:

A

CN− cyanide
OH− hydroxide

149
Q

Add an H+ to the polyatomic ion, and add ___ to its charge.

A

+1

150
Q

Based on the rule #4 of Polyatomic ion, CO3^2− + H+ = HCO3−

A

Based on the rule #4 of Polyatomic ion, SO4^2− + H+ = HSO4−

151
Q

____ form 4 polyatomic
ions with oxygen.
Each has a −1 charge.

A

Halogens

152
Q

In writing the formula for the ionic compound that contains polyatomic ions, the ____ is placed inside the parenthesis

A

polyatomic ions (Eg. Mg(NO3)2 - magnesium nitrate)

153
Q

What is the process when naming ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions?

A
  • first write the positive ion, usually a metal.
  • write the name of the polyatomic ion second (put it inside the parenthesis when the coefficient is higher than 1)
154
Q

Na2SO4 name

A

Sodium sulfate

155
Q

FePO4 name

A

Iron (III) phosphate

156
Q

Al2(CO3)3 name

A

Aluminum carbonate

157
Q

Ca(NO3)2 name

A

Calcium nitrate

158
Q

FePO4 name

A

Iron (III) phosphate

159
Q

MgSO3 name

A

Magnesium sulfite

160
Q

MgSO4

A

Magnesium sulfate

161
Q

Pb3(PO3)2

A

Lead (II) phosphite

162
Q

Fe2(SO4)3

A

Iron(II) sulfate

163
Q

Ba3(PO3)2

A

Barium phosphite

164
Q

NiCO3

A

Nickel (II) carbonate

165
Q

The ___ need prefixes
because several different
compounds can be formed from
the same two nonmetals.

A

names of molecular
compounds

166
Q

The names of molecular
compounds need prefixes
because several different
compounds can be formed from
the ____

A

same two nonmetals.

167
Q

Molecular compounds form when
atoms of two or more nonmetals share electrons and form a ____

A

covalent bond

168
Q

____ form when valence electrons are shared by nonmetal atoms to achieve stability

A

Molecular compounds

169
Q

A ___forms when two or more atoms share electrons.

A

molecule

170
Q

A molecule forms when two or more atoms ____

A

share electrons

171
Q

In naming covalent bond, the following are needed to be follow:

A
  1. first nonmetal is named by its element name
  2. Second nonmetal is named using the first syllable of the name followed by ide
172
Q

In naming covalent compound, when a subscript indicates
two or more atoms of an
element, a ____is shown in
front of its name

A

prefix

173
Q

Prefixes used in naming molecular compound:

A

1 mono
2 di
3 tri
4 tetra
5 penta
6 hexa
7 hepta
8 octa
9 nona
10 deca

174
Q

Prefix for subscript 1

A

mono

175
Q

Prefix for subscript 2

A

di

176
Q

Prefix for subscript 3

A

tri

177
Q

Prefix for subscript 4

A

tetra

178
Q

Prefix for subscript 5

A

penta

179
Q

Prefix for subscript 6

A

hexa

180
Q

Prefix for subscript 7

A

hepta

181
Q

Prefix for subscript 8

A

octa

182
Q

Prefix for subscript 9

A

nona

183
Q

Prefix for subscript 10

A

deca

184
Q

In naming 2 nonmetals, if the vowels o and o or a and o appear
together, the first vowel is ___

A

omitted (eg. Carbon monooxide = carbon monoxide)

185
Q

CS2 name

A

Carbon disulfide

186
Q

CO2 name

A

carbon dioxide

187
Q

N2O name

A

Dinitrogen oxide

188
Q

SO3

A

Sulfur trioxide

189
Q

Name the molecular compound: B2O3

A

Diboron trioxide

190
Q

What is the formula for diphosphorus pentoxide

A

P2O5

191
Q

If the first element is metal, it is an __ compound

A

ionic

192
Q

If the first element is nonmetal, it is an __ compound

A

covalent

193
Q

The ionic compound uses suffix __

A

-ide

194
Q

The covalent compound uses __ depending on the subscript

A

prefix

195
Q

SO3, ionic or covalent?

A

covalent

196
Q

BaCl2, ionic or covalent?

A

ionic

197
Q

(NH4)3PO3, ionic or covalent?

A

ionic

198
Q

Cu2CO3, ionic or covalent?

A

ionic

199
Q

. N2O4, ionic or covalent?

A

covalent

200
Q
A

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (5 decks)

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