Chapter 5: Ionic and Molecular Compounds Flashcards
Atoms form ____ ions when they lose electrons
positively charged
Atoms form ____ ions when they gain electrons
Negatively charged
____ are formed by the strong attractive forces between positive
and negative ions
Ionic bonds
____ are formed when atoms lose, gain,
or share valence electrons to acquire an octet of eight valence electrons (octet rule).
Chemical bonds
____ occur when valence electrons of a metal atom are transferred to the atom of a
nonmetal.
Ionic bonds
Ionic bonds occur when valence electrons of a
_____ are transferred to the atom of a
____
metal atom, nonmetal
____ occur when nonmetal atoms
share electrons to attain a noble gas arrangement
Covalent bonds
Covalent bonds occur when ____
share electrons to attain a noble gas arrangement.
nonmetal atoms
Metals, Group 1A (1),Group 2A (2), and Group 3A (13) have:
- have low ionization energies.
- readily lose one or more of their valence electrons to form ions with a positive charge.
- lose electrons until they have the same number of valence electrons as the nearest noble gas, usually eight valence electrons.
Metals ___ until they have the same number of valence electrons
lose electrons
Sodium will ___ lose its electrons to form the octet rule
lose
Magnesium atoms in Group 2A (2) are neutral, will ___ electrons
lose 2
Nonmetals, Group 5A (15), Group 6A (16), andGroup 7A (17) have:
- have high ionization energies.
- readily gain one or more valence electrons to form
ions with a negative charge. - gain electrons until they have the same number of
valence electrons as the nearest noble gas, usually eight valence electrons.
Nonmetals are the following group :
Group 5A (15), Group 6A (16), and
Group 7A (17)
Nonmetals readily gain one or more valence electrons to form
ions with ____
a negative charge.
Metal group that has 3+ charge
Group 3A
Metal group that has 2+ charge
Group 2A
Metal group that has 1+ charge
Group 1A
Nonmetal group that has 2- charge
group 6A
Nonmetal group that has 3- charge
group 5A
Nonmetal group that has 1- charge
group 7A
ca 2+ name
Calcium ion
Cl- name
chloride
____ consist of
positive and negative charges
held together by the strong
electrical attractions between
oppositely charged ions
Ionic compounds
_____ are important in regulating body function
ions
Na+ function in the body
Regulation and control of
body fluids
K+ function in the body
Regulation of body fluids
and cellular functions
Ca2+ function in the body
Major cation in bones,
needed for muscle
contractions
Mg2+ function in the body
Essential for certain
enzymes, muscles, and
nerve control
Na+ occurrence
Principal cation
outside the cell
K+ occurrence
Principal cation
outside the cell
Ca2+ occurrence
Major cation in bones,
needed for muscle
contractions
Mg2+ occurrence
Cation outside the
cell; found in bones
Na+ food source
Salt, cheese,
pickles
K+ Food source
Bananas, potatoes,
orange juice, milk
Ca2+ Food source
Milk, yogurt,
cheese, greens,
spinach
Mg2+ food source
Chlorophyll, nuts,
grains
A compound that consist of positive and negative ions.
Ionic compounds
Ionic compounds have attractions called ____ between
positively and negatively charged ions.
ionic bonds
Ionic compound physical characteristics:
- have high melting points.
- are solids at room temperature
___ is
more commonly
known as table salt.
Sodium chloride
In chemical formula, the symbols and subscripts are written in the _____ of the atoms or ion
lowest whole-number ratio
In a chemical formula, the sum of ion charges equals ___
0
In a chemical formula, the total positive charge = ____
total negative charge.
To get the ionic formula, the superscript charge of elements should be ____
criss-cross
Al^3+ N^3- in ionic formula
Al3N3 or AlN (simplified)
Li ^+ O^2- in ionic formula
Li2O
Pb^4+ O^2-
Pb2O4 or PbO2 (simplified)
Na+ and O2− correct ionic formula
Na2O
Al3+ and Cl− correct ionic formula
AlCl3
Mg2+ and N3− correct formula
Mg2N3
How to check if the ionic formula is correct?
if the net charge is zero
what is the ionic formula and net charge of Na+ and O2−?
Na2O (net charge: 2 (1+)+ 1(2-) =0)
what is the ionic formula and net charge of Mg2+ and N3− ?
Mg3N2 (Net charge: 3(2+) + 2(3-)= 0)
When naming an ionic compound, the name of the_____ is written first and is the ___ as the name of the element
metal, same (eg. Sodium chloride)
When naming an ionic compound, the name of the ____ is the first syllable of the nonmetal name + ____ ending and is written second.
nonmetal, ide ( eg. Sodium chloride)
When naming an ionic compound, a ___ is placed between the name of the metal and nonmetal ion.
space
What is the name of ionic compound KI?
Potassium Iodide
What is the name of ionic compound MgBr2?
Magnesium bromide
What is the name of ionic compound Al2O3?
Aluminum oxide
Cation is ?
Positive
Anion is ?
negative
Name the ____ by its element name
Cation
Name the ___ by using the first
syllable of its element name
followed by ___
Anion, -ide
What is the name of the ionic compound K2O?
Potassium oxide
What is the name of the ionic compound CaO?
Calcium oxide
What is the name of the ionic compound MgCl2?
Magnesium chloride
CaO, identify the cation and anion.
Ca2+ cation and O2- anion
Name the cation by its element name, Al2O3
Al3+ aluminum (cation includes the charge)
MgCl2: The anion is
Cl-, chloride
NaBr- ionic compound name
Sodium bromide
Na2S ionic compound name
Sodium sulfide
Na3N ionic compound name
Sodium nitride
Al2S3 ionic compound name
Aluminum sulfide
AlBr3 ionic compound name
Aluminum bromide
AlN ionic compound name
Aluminum nitride
Transition metals except ___, ___, ___ form 2 or more positive ions (cations)
Zn2+, Cd2+, and Ag+
For transition metals, ____ equal to the ion charge is placed in parentheses immediately after the metal name
Roman numeral
Cu2+ name
copper (ll)
Fe3+ name
iron(III)
Pb4+ name
lead (IV)
Cr2+ name
Chromium (II)
Bi3+ name
bismuth (III)
Bi5+ name
Bismuth(V)
Au+ name
Gold (I)
Au3+ name
Gold (III)
Mn2+ name
Manganese (II)
Mn3+ name
Manganese (III)
Sn2+ name
Tin (II)
Sn4+ name
Tin (IV)
Co2+ name
Cobalt (II)
Ni 2+ name
Nickel (II)
Ni3+ name
Nickel (III)
Hg2+ name
mercury(II)
Hg3+ name
Mercury (III)
MnF2
Manganese (II) fluoride
The roman numeral is based on the ___ of the transition metal
charge
this also includes to the transition metal
Al3+, Sn2+, Sn4+, Pb 2+, Pb4+, Bi3+, Bi 5+
Name the ionic compound SnO2
Tin (IV) oxide
Chromium charges:
Cr2+ and Cr3+
Manganese charges:
Mn2+ and Mn3+
Iron charges:
Fe2+ and Fe3+
Cobalt charges:
Co2+ and Co3+
Nickel charges:
Ni2+ and Ni3+
Copper charges
Cu1+ and Cu2+
Zinc charges:
Zn2+
Silver charges:
Ag1+
gold charges:
Au1+ and Au3+
cadmium charges
Cd2+
Mercury charges:
Hg2^2+ and Hg2+
Aluminum charges:
Al3+
Tin charges:
Sn2+ and Sn4+
Lead charges:
Pb2+ and Pb4+
Bismuth charges:
Bi3+ and Bi5+
Name the FeCl2
Iron(II) chloride
SnO2 name
Tin (IV) oxide
Name of the PbS2
Lead (IV) sulfur
Formula for the nickel(ii) sulfide
Ni2S2
Formula of the ionic compound Zinc chloride
ZnCl
Formula for the Iron(III) oxide
FeO3
based the __ of the element for the last number of the electronic configuration
charge
What is the electronic configuration of the Na2+
1s2 2s2 2p6 = [Ne]
___ are a group of atoms with an overall charge
Polyatomic ions
____ often consist of a nonmetal such as phosphorus, sulfur, carbon, or nitrogen and
oxygen.
Polyatomic ions
Polyatomic ions often consist of a nonmetal such as
phosphorus, sulfur, carbon, or nitrogen and
oxygen
Polyatomic ions usually have ,, or _ charge
1−, 2−, or 3− charge
Polyatomic ions have a negative charge, except for _____, which has a positive charge
NH4+
ammonium
Many products contain _____, which are groups of ions that have an ionic charge.
polyatomic ions
Nonmetal: Hydrogen
formula of Ion: OH-
What is the name of the ion?
Hydroxide
Nonmetal: Nitrogen
formula of Ion: Cl04-
What is the name of the ion?
Perchlorate
Nonmetal: Nitrogen
formula of Ion: Cl03-
What is the name of the ion?
Chlorate
Nonmetal: Nitrogen
formula of Ion: Cl02-
What is the name of the ion?
Chlorite
Nonmetal: Nitrogen
formula of Ion: Cl0-
What is the name of the ion?
Hypochlorite
Nonmetal: carbon
formula of Ion: CO3^2-
What is the name of the ion?
Carbonate
Nonmetal: carbon
formula of Ion: HCO3-
What is the name of the ion?
Hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate
Nonmetal: carbon
formula of Ion: CN-
What is the name of the ion?
Cyanide
Nonmetal: carbon
formula of Ion: C2H3O2
What is the name of the ion?
Acetate
Nonmetal: Sulfur
formula of Ion: SO4^2-
What is the name of the ion?
Sulfate
Nonmetal: Sulfur
formula of Ion: HSO4-
What is the name of the ion?
Hydrogen sulfate (or bisulfate)
Nonmetal: Sulfur
formula of Ion: SO3^2-
What is the name of the ion?
Sulfite
Nonmetal: Sulfur
formula of Ion: HSO3-
What is the name of the ion?
Hydrogen sulfite or bisulfite
Nonmetal: Phosphorus
formula of Ion: PO4^3-
What is the name of the ion?
Phosphate
Nonmetal: Phosphorus
formula of Ion: HPO4^2-
What is the name of the ion?
Hydrogen phosphate
Nonmetal: Phosphorus
formula of Ion: H2PO4
What is the name of the ion?
Dihydrogen phosphate
Nonmetal: Phosphorus
formula of Ion: PO3^3-
What is the name of the ion?
Phosphite
Names of most common polyatomic ions end in ____
-ate (eg. SO4^2−sulfate
PO4^3−phosphate
NO3− nitrate)
When a related ion has one less oxygen, its name
ends in ____
-ite. (eg. SO3^2−sulfite
PO3^3−phosphite
NO2− nitrite )
Exceptions to the rules in polyatomic ions rules are the following:
CN− cyanide
OH− hydroxide
Add an H+ to the polyatomic ion, and add ___ to its charge.
+1
Based on the rule #4 of Polyatomic ion, CO3^2− + H+ = HCO3−
Based on the rule #4 of Polyatomic ion, SO4^2− + H+ = HSO4−
____ form 4 polyatomic
ions with oxygen.
Each has a −1 charge.
Halogens
In writing the formula for the ionic compound that contains polyatomic ions, the ____ is placed inside the parenthesis
polyatomic ions (Eg. Mg(NO3)2 - magnesium nitrate)
What is the process when naming ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions?
- first write the positive ion, usually a metal.
- write the name of the polyatomic ion second (put it inside the parenthesis when the coefficient is higher than 1)
Na2SO4 name
Sodium sulfate
FePO4 name
Iron (III) phosphate
Al2(CO3)3 name
Aluminum carbonate
Ca(NO3)2 name
Calcium nitrate
FePO4 name
Iron (III) phosphate
MgSO3 name
Magnesium sulfite
MgSO4
Magnesium sulfate
Pb3(PO3)2
Lead (II) phosphite
Fe2(SO4)3
Iron(II) sulfate
Ba3(PO3)2
Barium phosphite
NiCO3
Nickel (II) carbonate
The ___ need prefixes
because several different
compounds can be formed from
the same two nonmetals.
names of molecular
compounds
The names of molecular
compounds need prefixes
because several different
compounds can be formed from
the ____
same two nonmetals.
Molecular compounds form when
atoms of two or more nonmetals share electrons and form a ____
covalent bond
____ form when valence electrons are shared by nonmetal atoms to achieve stability
Molecular compounds
A ___forms when two or more atoms share electrons.
molecule
A molecule forms when two or more atoms ____
share electrons
In naming covalent bond, the following are needed to be follow:
- first nonmetal is named by its element name
- Second nonmetal is named using the first syllable of the name followed by ide
In naming covalent compound, when a subscript indicates
two or more atoms of an
element, a ____is shown in
front of its name
prefix
Prefixes used in naming molecular compound:
1 mono
2 di
3 tri
4 tetra
5 penta
6 hexa
7 hepta
8 octa
9 nona
10 deca
Prefix for subscript 1
mono
Prefix for subscript 2
di
Prefix for subscript 3
tri
Prefix for subscript 4
tetra
Prefix for subscript 5
penta
Prefix for subscript 6
hexa
Prefix for subscript 7
hepta
Prefix for subscript 8
octa
Prefix for subscript 9
nona
Prefix for subscript 10
deca
In naming 2 nonmetals, if the vowels o and o or a and o appear
together, the first vowel is ___
omitted (eg. Carbon monooxide = carbon monoxide)
CS2 name
Carbon disulfide
CO2 name
carbon dioxide
N2O name
Dinitrogen oxide
SO3
Sulfur trioxide
Name the molecular compound: B2O3
Diboron trioxide
What is the formula for diphosphorus pentoxide
P2O5
If the first element is metal, it is an __ compound
ionic
If the first element is nonmetal, it is an __ compound
covalent
The ionic compound uses suffix __
-ide
The covalent compound uses __ depending on the subscript
prefix
SO3, ionic or covalent?
covalent
BaCl2, ionic or covalent?
ionic
(NH4)3PO3, ionic or covalent?
ionic
Cu2CO3, ionic or covalent?
ionic
. N2O4, ionic or covalent?
covalent
