Chapter 3: Matter and Energy Flashcards
- is the material that makes up all things.
- is anything that has mass and occupies space
Matter
Matter is classified according to its composition
- Pure substances
- Mixtures
The pure substance matter is divided into :
- elements
- compounds
The pure substance matter is divided into :
- Homogenous
- heterogenous
___ a type of matter that have a fixed or definite
composition
Pure substances
____ contain two or more different
substances that are physically mixed but not chemically combined
Mixtures
an ______ that is composed
of one type of atom.
element
a ______ that is
composed of two or more
elements always combined in
the same proportion
compound
____ are pure substances that contain only one type of material
Elements
A ______ contains two
or more elements in a
definite ratio
compound
____ is a type of
matter that consists of
two or more substances
that are physically mixed
but not chemically
combined.
Mixture
It is a substances that can be
separated by physical
methods
Mixture
In_____ the composition is uniform throughout. Also. the different parts of the mixture are not visible.
homogeneous mixture
In a ______ the composition varies from one part of the mixture to another. Also, the different parts of the mixture are visible
The evaporation
of water from
seawater gives
white, solid
crystals of salt
called ____
sodium
chloride
___ have a definite shape and volume, the particles are close. in fixed arrangements, and the particles that move very slowly.
Solid
It has a definite
volume but takes the
shape of its container.
Liquid
It has the same shape as their
container and the particle are close together but mobile.
Liquid
It has indefinite shape and volume, it takes up the shape and volume of their container. The particles move very fast.
Gases
____ are characteristics observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance
Physical properties
Physical properties includes the following:
a. shape,
b. physical state
c. boiling and freezing points
d. density
e. and color of the substance.
Copper has these physical
properties:
- reddish-orange color
- shiny
- excellent conductor of heat and electricity
- solid at 25 °C
- melting point 1083 °C
- boiling point 2567 ° C
A physical change occurs
in a substance if there is:
- a change in the state.
- a change in the physical
shape. - no change in the identity and composition of the
substance.
It describes the ability of
a substance to interact with other substances and to change into a new substance.
Chemical properties
During a chemical change, a
new substance forms that has:
a. a new composition.
b. new chemical properties
c. new physical properties.
___ is used to measure body temperature.
Thermometer
is a measure of how hot or cold
an object is compared to
another object.
Temperature
indicates the heat flow from the
object with a higher temperature to the object with a lower temperature
Temperature
The temperature scales are __ and __
Fahrenheit (°F) and
Celsius (°C)
The temperature difference between boiling and
freezing of water are divided into smaller units called ____
Degrees
On the Celsius scale, there are _____ between the boiling and freezing points of water.
100 degrees
On the Fahrenheit scale, there are _____
between the boiling and freezing points of water
180 degrees
Scientists have learned that the coldest temperature possible is ____
−273 °C
There are ___ Celsius between the freezing and boiling points of water.
100 degrees
On the Kelvin scale, this is called ____ and is represented as 0 K
absolute zero
There are ____ Fahrenheit between the freezing and boiling points of water
180 degrees
What is the formula for Fahrenheit to Celsius?
°C = (°F - 32) × 5/9
What is the formula for Celsius to Fahrenheit?
F = (9/5C )+ 32
Matter undergoes a ____
when it is converted
from one state to
another state
change of state
A substance is ___ while it changes from a solid to a liquid at its melting point (mp).
melting
A substance is ___ while it changes from a liquid to a solid at its freezing point (fp)
freezing
Water has a freezing (melting) point of _____
0 °C
The ____ is the amount of heat released when 1 g of liquid freezes (at its freezing point).
heat of fusion
The is the amount of heat needed to melt 1 g of solid (at its melting point)
heat of fusion
The heat released during freezing = heat needed during melting
heat of fusion per 1g of solid or liquid
Water ___ when molecules
on the surface gain sufficient
energy to form a gas
evaporates
Water ___ when gas molecules lose energy and
form a liquid.
condenses
During ______molecules of the liquid are converted to gas at the surface of the liquid.
evaporation
When water is _____, all the water molecules
acquire enough energy to
form a gas (vaporize).
boiling
During _____, molecules of the
liquid are converted to gas
throughout the liquid as well as
at the surface.
boiling
When sublimation occurs,
the particles on the surface
of the solid change directly
to a ___
vapor
When_____ occurs,
the particles on the surface
of the solid change directly
to a vapor
sublimation
When sublimation occurs, there is no change in ____
Temperature
When deposition occurs, gas
particles change directly to
a ___
solid
When ______ occurs, gas
particles change directly to
a solid
deposition
It is used to prepare freeze-dried foods for
long-term storage.
Sublimation
Sublimation is used to prepare ____
freeze-dried foods for
long-term storage
The heat of vaporization
is the amount of heat absorbed to ____
- absorbed to change 1 g
of liquid to gas at the
boiling point. - released when 1 g of
gas changes to liquid at
the boiling point.
The heat of vaporization for water (boiling point 100 °C) is ___
the heat absorbed when 1 g of water changes to
steam.
The heat of condensation for water is ___
the heat released when 1 g of steam changes to water.
The ___ is the heat absorbed when 1 g of water changes to steam
heat of vaporization for water
The heat of condensation for water is the ____
heat released when 1 g of steam changes to water
On a heating curve, ____ indicate changes in temperature for a physical state,
diagonal lines
On a heating curve, ____ indicate change of state
horizontal lines
____ diagrams the temperature increases
and changes of state as
heat is added
heating curve
A sloped line on a heating curve represents
a temperature change.
A plateau (horizontal line) on a heating curve
represents
a constant temperature and a change of state
Water condenses at a temperature of ___
100 °C
At a temperature of 0 °C, liquid water
freezes
When water freezes, heat is ___
removed
A ______ for water illustrates the
change in temperature
and changes of state
as heat is removed.
cooling curve
A cooling curve for
water illustrates the ___
change in temperature
and changes of state
as heat is removed
