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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY > Chapter 3: Matter and Energy > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Matter and Energy Flashcards

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1
Q
  • is the material that makes up all things.
  • is anything that has mass and occupies space
A

Matter

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2
Q

Matter is classified according to its composition

A
  1. Pure substances
  2. Mixtures
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3
Q

The pure substance matter is divided into :

A
  1. elements
  2. compounds
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4
Q

The pure substance matter is divided into :

A
  1. Homogenous
  2. heterogenous
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5
Q

___ a type of matter that have a fixed or definite
composition

A

Pure substances

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6
Q

____ contain two or more different
substances that are physically mixed but not chemically combined

A

Mixtures

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7
Q

an ______ that is composed
of one type of atom.

A

element

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8
Q

a ______ that is
composed of two or more
elements always combined in
the same proportion

A

compound

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9
Q

____ are pure substances that contain only one type of material

A

Elements

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10
Q

A ______ contains two
or more elements in a
definite ratio

A

compound

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11
Q

____ is a type of
matter that consists of
two or more substances
that are physically mixed
but not chemically
combined.

A

Mixture

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12
Q

It is a substances that can be
separated by physical
methods

A

Mixture

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13
Q

In_____ the composition is uniform throughout. Also. the different parts of the mixture are not visible.

A

homogeneous mixture

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14
Q

In a ______ the composition varies from one part of the mixture to another. Also, the different parts of the mixture are visible

A
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15
Q

The evaporation
of water from
seawater gives
white, solid
crystals of salt
called ____

A

sodium
chloride

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16
Q

___ have a definite shape and volume, the particles are close. in fixed arrangements, and the particles that move very slowly.

A

Solid

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17
Q

It has a definite
volume but takes the
shape of its container.

A

Liquid

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18
Q

It has the same shape as their
container and the particle are close together but mobile.

A

Liquid

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19
Q

It has indefinite shape and volume, it takes up the shape and volume of their container. The particles move very fast.

A

Gases

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20
Q

____ are characteristics observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance

A

Physical properties

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21
Q

Physical properties includes the following:

A

a. shape,
b. physical state
c. boiling and freezing points
d. density
e. and color of the substance.

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22
Q

Copper has these physical
properties:

A
  • reddish-orange color
  • shiny
  • excellent conductor of heat and electricity
  • solid at 25 °C
  • melting point 1083 °C
  • boiling point 2567 ° C
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23
Q

A physical change occurs
in a substance if there is:

A
  • a change in the state.
  • a change in the physical
    shape.
  • no change in the identity and composition of the
    substance.
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24
Q

It describes the ability of
a substance to interact with other substances and to change into a new substance.

A

Chemical properties

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25
Q

During a chemical change, a
new substance forms that has:

A

a. a new composition.
b. new chemical properties
c. new physical properties.

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26
Q

___ is used to measure body temperature.

A

Thermometer

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27
Q

is a measure of how hot or cold
an object is compared to
another object.

A

Temperature

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28
Q

indicates the heat flow from the
object with a higher temperature to the object with a lower temperature

A

Temperature

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29
Q

The temperature scales are __ and __

A

Fahrenheit (°F) and
Celsius (°C)

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30
Q

The temperature difference between boiling and
freezing of water are divided into smaller units called ____

A

Degrees

31
Q

On the Celsius scale, there are _____ between the boiling and freezing points of water.

A

100 degrees

32
Q

On the Fahrenheit scale, there are _____
between the boiling and freezing points of water

A

180 degrees

33
Q

Scientists have learned that the coldest temperature possible is ____

A

−273 °C

34
Q

There are ___ Celsius between the freezing and boiling points of water.

A

100 degrees

35
Q

On the Kelvin scale, this is called ____ and is represented as 0 K

A

absolute zero

36
Q

There are ____ Fahrenheit between the freezing and boiling points of water

A

180 degrees

37
Q

What is the formula for Fahrenheit to Celsius?

A

°C = (°F - 32) × 5/9

38
Q

What is the formula for Celsius to Fahrenheit?

A

F = (9/5C )+ 32

39
Q

Matter undergoes a ____
when it is converted
from one state to
another state

A

change of state

40
Q

A substance is ___ while it changes from a solid to a liquid at its melting point (mp).

A

melting

41
Q

A substance is ___ while it changes from a liquid to a solid at its freezing point (fp)

A

freezing

42
Q

Water has a freezing (melting) point of _____

A

0 °C

43
Q

The ____ is the amount of heat released when 1 g of liquid freezes (at its freezing point).

A

heat of fusion

44
Q

The is the amount of heat needed to melt 1 g of solid (at its melting point)

A

heat of fusion

45
Q

The heat released during freezing = heat needed during melting

A

heat of fusion per 1g of solid or liquid

46
Q

Water ___ when molecules
on the surface gain sufficient
energy to form a gas

A

evaporates

47
Q

Water ___ when gas molecules lose energy and
form a liquid.

A

condenses

48
Q

During ______molecules of the liquid are converted to gas at the surface of the liquid.

A

evaporation

49
Q

When water is _____, all the water molecules
acquire enough energy to
form a gas (vaporize).

A

boiling

50
Q

During _____, molecules of the
liquid are converted to gas
throughout the liquid as well as
at the surface.

A

boiling

51
Q

When sublimation occurs,
the particles on the surface
of the solid change directly
to a ___

A

vapor

52
Q

When_____ occurs,
the particles on the surface
of the solid change directly
to a vapor

A

sublimation

53
Q

When sublimation occurs, there is no change in ____

A

Temperature

54
Q

When deposition occurs, gas
particles change directly to
a ___

A

solid

55
Q

When ______ occurs, gas
particles change directly to
a solid

A

deposition

56
Q

It is used to prepare freeze-dried foods for
long-term storage.

A

Sublimation

57
Q

Sublimation is used to prepare ____

A

freeze-dried foods for
long-term storage

58
Q

The heat of vaporization
is the amount of heat absorbed to ____

A
  1. absorbed to change 1 g
    of liquid to gas at the
    boiling point.
  2. released when 1 g of
    gas changes to liquid at
    the boiling point.
59
Q

The heat of vaporization for water (boiling point 100 °C) is ___

A

the heat absorbed when 1 g of water changes to
steam.

60
Q

The heat of condensation for water is ___

A

the heat released when 1 g of steam changes to water.

61
Q

The ___ is the heat absorbed when 1 g of water changes to steam

A

heat of vaporization for water

62
Q

The heat of condensation for water is the ____

A

heat released when 1 g of steam changes to water

63
Q

On a heating curve, ____ indicate changes in temperature for a physical state,

A

diagonal lines

64
Q

On a heating curve, ____ indicate change of state

A

horizontal lines

65
Q

____ diagrams the temperature increases
and changes of state as
heat is added

A

heating curve

66
Q

A sloped line on a heating curve represents

A

a temperature change.

67
Q

A plateau (horizontal line) on a heating curve
represents

A

a constant temperature and a change of state

68
Q

Water condenses at a temperature of ___

A

100 °C

69
Q

At a temperature of 0 °C, liquid water

A

freezes

70
Q

When water freezes, heat is ___

A

removed

71
Q

A ______ for water illustrates the
change in temperature
and changes of state
as heat is removed.

A

cooling curve

72
Q

A cooling curve for
water illustrates the ___

A

change in temperature
and changes of state
as heat is removed

73
Q
A

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (5 decks)

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