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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY > Chapter 2: Chemistry and Measurements > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Chemistry and Measurements Flashcards

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1
Q

It is the standard system of
measurement used in
chemistry

A

Metric System

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2
Q

Scientist use the _ of measurement and have
adopted a modification of the metric system called the ___ as a worldwide standard

A

Metric system; International System of Units

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3
Q

is an official system of
measurement used throughout the world for units of length,
volume, mass, temperature, and time.

A

The International System of Units (SI)

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4
Q

Length in metric

A

Meter (m)

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5
Q

Volume in metric

A

Liter (L)

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6
Q

mass in metric

A

gram (g)

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7
Q

Temperature in metric

A

degrees celsius (C)

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8
Q

Time in metric

A

second (s)

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9
Q

SI unit in length

A

Meter (m)

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10
Q

SI unit in volume

A

cubic meter (m^3)

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11
Q

SI unit in mass

A

kilogram (kg)

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12
Q

SI unit in temperature

A

Kelvin (K)

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13
Q

SI unit in time

A

second (s)

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14
Q

__ in the metric and SI systems is based on the meter,
which is slightly longer than a yard.

A

Lenght

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15
Q

1 m = ___cm

A

100cm

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16
Q

1 m = _in.

A

39.4 in.

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17
Q

1m = _yd

A

1.09 yd

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18
Q

2.54 cm = _in.

A

1 in

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19
Q

It is the space
occupied by a substance

A

Volume

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20
Q

The SI unit of volume _

A

m3

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21
Q

In the metric
system, volume is based on
the _which is slightly
larger than a quart.

A

Liter

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22
Q

1 L = _ml

A

1000 mL

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23
Q

1 L = _qt

A

1.06 qt

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24
Q

946 mL = _ qt

A

1 qt

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25
Q

_ of an object is a
measure of the quantity of
material it contains.

A

Mass

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26
Q

1 kg = _g

A

1000 g

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27
Q

1 kg = _lbs

A

2.20 lbs

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28
Q

454 g = _lb

A

1 lb

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29
Q

_ tells us how hot or cold
something is

A

Temperature

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30
Q

Water freezes at

A

32 °F, or 0 °C,273 K

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31
Q

Conversion of Kelvinto Celsius

A

C = K - 273.15

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32
Q

Conversion of Celsius to Kelvin

A

Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15

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33
Q

Time is measured in units such as
the following:

A
  • years (yr)
  • days
  • hours (h)
  • minutes (min)
  • seconds (s)
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34
Q

The SI and metric unit of time is _

A

second (s)

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35
Q

The last digit in your measurement is an
estimate, obtained by visually __ between the marked lines.

A

dividing the space

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36
Q

___ are the numbers obtained when you
measure a quantity such as your height, weight, temperature

A

Measured numbers

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37
Q

Significant figures are the following:

A
  1. not a zero
  2. a zero between nonzero digits
  3. a zero at the end of a decimal (23.00 -4 sig fig)
  4. in the coefficient of a number written in scientific notation
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38
Q

A zero is not significant if it is :

A
  1. at the beginning of a decimal (0.0004 - 1 sig fig)
  2. used as a placeholder in a large number without a decimal point ( 850 000 000- 2 sig fig)
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39
Q

Zeros at the end of large standard numbers without a
decimal point are ___

A

not significant.

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40
Q

Zeros at the beginning of a decimal number are used as placeholders and are ___

A

not significant

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41
Q

0.000 4 in scientific notation is

A

4 × 10^−4

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42
Q

0.000 0046 in scientific notation is

A

4.6 × 10^−6

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43
Q

0.002 650 has how many sig fig?

A

4 sig fig

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44
Q

The zero in the last decimal place is ___

A

significant

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45
Q

The zeros between nonzero digits or at the end of decimal numbers are ___

A

significant

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46
Q

43.026 has how many sig fig?

A

5 sig fig

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47
Q

1 044 000 has how many sig fig?

A

4 sig fig

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48
Q

The zeros between nonzero digits are

A

significant

49
Q

The zeros at end of a number with no decimal point
are ___

A

not significant (1 044 000 - 4 sig fig)

50
Q

___ are not measured and do not have a limited number of
significant figures

A

Exact numbers

51
Q

___ are numbers obtained by counting

A

Exact numbers

52
Q

_ definitions in the same measuring system (1 qt = 4 cups)

A

Exact numbers

53
Q

Example of some exact number in Metric System

A

1L= 1000mL
1m =100cm
1kg = 1000g

54
Q

Example of some exact number in U.S. System

A

1ft = 12 in
1 qt = 4 cups
1lb = 16 oz

55
Q

The diameter of a circle is 7.902 cm is it exacted or measured number?

A

measured number

56
Q

60 min = 1 h , an exact or measured number?

A

exact number

57
Q

In following the decimal point for the final answer, follow the given that has the ___

A

lowest decimal point

58
Q

In multiplication or division, the final answer is written so that it
has the same number of significant figures (SFs) as the measurement with the ____

A

fewest significant figures

59
Q

3 sig fig x 2 sig fig = __

A

2 sig fig

60
Q

When the calculator display contains fewer SFs than needed, ____ significant zeros to obtain the correct number of significant figures

A

add one or more (eg, 6.0 + 2.00 = 3 — 3.0 = 2 sig fig)

61
Q

In addition or subtraction, the final answer is written so that it has the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the __

A

fewest decimal places.

62
Q

A special feature of the SI as well as the metric system is
that a ____ can be placed in front of any unit to increase or decrease its size by some factor of ten

A

prefix

63
Q

milli and micro are used to make ____

A

the smaller units

64
Q

peta = __ in scientific notation

A

10^15

65
Q

tera = __ in scientific notation

A

10^12

66
Q

giga = __ in scientific notation

A

10^9

67
Q

mega = __ in scientific notation

A

10^6

68
Q

kilo = __ in scientific notation

A

10^3

69
Q

doci = __ in scientific notation

A

10^-1

70
Q

centi = __ in scientific notation

A

10^-2

71
Q

milli = __ in scientific notation

A

10^-3

72
Q

micro = __ in scientific notation

A

10^-6

73
Q

nano = __ in scientific notation

A

10^-9

74
Q

pico = __ in scientific notation

A

10^-12

75
Q

fento = __ in scientific notation

A

10^-15

76
Q

1000 m = 1 ___ m

A

1km

77
Q

1 × 10−3 g = 1 ___ g

A

1mg

78
Q

0.01 m = 1 ___ m

A

1 cm

79
Q

1 m = 100 cm = ___ in scientific notation

A

1 × 10^2 cm

80
Q

1 m = 1000 mm = ___ in scientific notation

A

1 × 10^3 mm

81
Q

1 cm = 10 mm = ___ mm in scientific notation

A

1 × 10^1 mm

82
Q

1 L = 10 dL = ___ dLin scientific notation

A

1 × 10^1 dL

83
Q

1 L = 1000 mL = ___ in scientific notation

A

1 × 10^3 mL

84
Q

1 L = 1000mL = ___ mL in scientific notation

A

1 × 10^3 mL

85
Q

___ is the
volume of a cube whose dimensions are 1 cm on each side

A

cubic centimeter (abbreviated as cm3 or cc)

86
Q

1 cm3 is also equal to ____

A

1 cc and 1 mL

87
Q

1000 cm3 is also equal to ____

A

= 1000 ml and 1 L

88
Q

It uses two different units to describe the same measured
amount.

A

Equalities

89
Q

___ are written for relationships between units of the metric system, U.S. units, or between metric and U.S. units.

A

Equalities

90
Q

____ a definition are exact and are not used to determine significant figures

A

Equalities

91
Q

The equality 1 in. = 2.54 cm has been defined as an exact relationship

A

Therefore, 2.54 is an exact number.

92
Q

2.2.lb/ 1kg can also be written into

A

1kg/2.20kg

93
Q

A dosage is typically
measured in ____

A
  1. milligrams per kilogram
    (mg/kg) of body mass.
  2. micrograms per kilogram
    (mcg/kg) of body mass.
94
Q

What is the formula for solving the density?

A

Density= mass of a substance / volume of a substance

95
Q

Density of solids, liquids is equal to ____

A

g/cm^3 or g/ml

96
Q

Density of gas is equal to ____

A

g/L

97
Q

1 mL is also equal to ___

A

1 cm^3

98
Q

____ is a relationship between the density of a substance and the density of water.

  • is a unitless quantity
A

Specific gravity

99
Q

_____ is calculated by dividing the density of a sample by the density of water, which is 1.00 g/mL at 4 °C

A

Specific gravity

100
Q

What is the formula for the specific gravity?

A

Specific gravity = density of sample/ density of water

101
Q
A
102
Q
A
103
Q

Use in smaller unit

A

milligram (mg)
microgram (ug or mcg)

104
Q

Kilo =

A

10^3

105
Q

____ exact and do not determine sig. fig.

A

Equalities

106
Q

Freezing point temperature of water in F is ___

A

32 F

107
Q

Freezing point temperature of water in K is ___

A

273 K or 273.25 K

108
Q

Freezing point temperature of water in Celsius is ___

A

0 degrees Celsius

109
Q

Normal temperature of water in Celsius is ___

A

37 degrees Celsius

110
Q

Normal temperature of water in Fahrenheit is ___

A

98.6 F

111
Q

Normal temperature of water in Kelvin is ___

A

310 K or 310.15 K

112
Q

Boiling point temperature of water in F is ___

A

212 F

113
Q

Boiling point temperature of water in Celsius is ___

A

100 degrees Celsius

114
Q

Boiling point temperature of water in K is ___

A

373K or 373.15K

115
Q

_cm^3 = _ ml = _ cc

A

1, 1, 1 (all have the same value)

116
Q

the conversion factor of water in heat of fusion (J/g or cal/g)

A

334J/ 1g of H2O or 80 cal/1 g of H2O

117
Q

the conversion factor of water in heat vaporation (J/g or cal/g)

A

2260J/ 1g of H2O or
540 cal/1 g of H2O

118
Q

heat of fusion is changing of state between?

A

solid to liquid and vice versa

119
Q

heat vaporization is changing of state between?

A

gas to liquid and vice versa

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (5 decks)

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