Chapter 5: Ionic and covalent compounds Flashcards
What are Ionic Bonds?
Formed between ions (metals and non-metals)
electrons are transferred.
one has to be positive and the other has to be negative
What are covalent bonds?
Formed between non-metals, similar atoms.
electrons are shared.
How many types of covalent bonds are there?
2
Polar and non polar
Why do elements bond?
to gain stability. octect rule
what is a molecule?
2 or more atoms of a particular element in a molecule.
what is a formula unit?
the smallest unit of an ionic compound
what is a subscript?
the number of atoms of a particular element in a molecule.
what is a coefficient?
the number in front of a molecule, giving the total number of molecules of that compound.
can compounds be broken down by any physical means?
NO
what is lattice energy?
required to separate a mole of an ionic solid into gaseous ions
cannot be measured empirically
depends on magnit, of charges and dist. btwn ionic radius
when the distance between nuclei increases, attraction decreases. what does this mean?
there will be lower energy.
If the charge is higher, will the attraction be stronger?
yes
Naming cations (monoatomic ions)
positively charged do not change
ex) k+ = postassium
naming anions
change the ending of the name ending -ide
ex) Br= Bromide
Old system charges
lower charges ended in -ous
higher charges ended in-ic
ex Fe 2+= ferrous ion
Fe3+=ferric ion
