Chapter 5: Intro to Carbohydrates

Question 1

starch

Answer 1

mixture of two storage polysaccharides, amylose and amylopectin, both formed from a-glucose monomers

Question 2

polysaccharide

Answer 2

linear or branched polymer consisting of many monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages

Question 3

chitin

Answer 3

structural polysaccharide composed of N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) monomers joined.

Question 4

pentose

Answer 4

a monosaccharide (simple sugar) containing five carbon atoms

Question 5

cellulose

Answer 5

structural polysaccharide compose of glucose monomers joined by B-1, 4-glycosidic linkages.

Question 6

glycoprotein

Answer 6

any protein with one or more covalently bonded carbohy. typically oligosaccharides

Question 7

glycosidic linkage

Answer 7

covalent linkage formed by a condensation react. between two sugar monomers; joined the residues of a polysaccharide

Question 8

sugar

Answer 8

“carbohydrate” though usually used in an informal sense to refer to small carbohydrates (monosaccharides and disaccharides)

Question 9

triose

Answer 9

monosaccharide (simple sugar) containing THREE carbon atoms

Question 10

phosphorylase

Answer 10

an enzyme that breaks down glycogen by catalyzing hydrolysis of the a-glycosidic linkages between the glucose residues

Question 11

hexose

Answer 11

monosaccharide (simple sugar) containing SIX carbon atoms

Question 12

monosaccharide

Answer 12

molecule that has the molecular formula (CH2O)n and cannot be hydrolyzed to form any smaller carbohydr. also called “simple sugar”

Question 13

glycogen

Answer 13

highly branched storage polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers

Question 14

disaccharide

Answer 14

carbohydr. consisting of two monosaccharides (sugar residues) linked together

Question 15

amylase

Answer 15

any enzyme that can break down starch by catalyzing hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkages between the glucose residues

Question 16

carbohydrate

Answer 16

any of a class of molecules that contain a carbonyl group, several hydroxyl groups, and several to many carbon-hydrogen bonds

Question 17

peptidoglycan

Answer 17

complex structural polysaccharide found in bacterial cell walls

Question 18

oligosaccharide

Answer 18

a linear or branched polymer consisting of less than 50 monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages