Chapter 3: Protein Structure and Function

Question 1

peptide

Answer 1

compound consisting of two or more amino acids linked in a chain

Question 2

a-helix (alpha-helix)

Answer 2

protein secondary structure in which the polypeptide backbone coils into a spiral shape stabilized by hydrogen bonding

Question 3

polymer

Answer 3

any long molecule composed of small repeating units (monomers) bonded togehter

Question 4

condensation reaction

Answer 4

chemical react. in which two molecules are joined covalently with the removal of an OH- from one and an -H from another to form water

Question 5

tertiary structure

Answer 5

overall three dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain

Question 6

monomer

Answer 6

small molecule that can covalently bind to other similar molecules to form a larger macromolecule

Question 7

dehydration reaction

Answer 7

condensation reaction

Question 8

secondary structure

Answer 8

localized folding of a polypeptide chain into regular structures stabilized by hydrogen bonding between atoms of the peptide backbone

Question 9

polypeptide

Answer 9

chain of 50 or more amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

Question 10

beta-pleated sheet

Answer 10

protein secondary structure in which the polypeptide backbond folds into a sheetlike shape stabilized by hydrogen bond

Question 11

protein

Answer 11

macromolecule consisting of one or more polypeptide chains

Question 12

peptide bond

Answer 12

covalent bond formed by a condensation react. between two amino acides

Question 13

primary structure

Answer 13

sequence of amino acid residues in a peptide or protein; also the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid

Question 14

polymerization

Answer 14

process by which many identical/similar small molecules (monomers) are covalently bonded to form a large molecule (polymer)

Question 15

macromolecule

Answer 15

vary large organic molecule, usually made up of smaller molecules (monomers) joined together into a polymer

Question 16

disulfide bond

Answer 16

covalent bond between two sulfur atoms, typically in the side chains of certain amino acids

Question 17

oligopeptide

Answer 17

chain composed of fewer than 50 amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

Question 18

van der Waals interactions

Answer 18

weak electrical attraction between two nonpolar molecules that have been brought together through hydrophobic interactions

Question 19

macromolecular machine

Answer 19

group of proteins that assemble to carry out a particular function

Question 20

hydrolysis

Answer 20

chemical react. in which a molecule is split into smaller molecules by reacting with water. most hydrolysis react. involve splitting of polymers into monomers

Question 21

quaternary structure

Answer 21

overall 3D shape formed from two or more polypeptide chains; determined by the number, relative positions, and interactions of the subunites

Question 22

enzyme

Answer 22

protein catalyst used by living organisms to speed up and control biological reactions