Chapter 5: Integumentary System

Question 1

Name the organs (skin and its derivatives) that make up the integumentary System.

Answer 1

Skin, hair, nails, glands, and sensory receptors.

Question 2

What two tissue layers comprise the integument? Which is vascularized?

Answer 2

Epidermis: Avascular
Dermis: Vascular

Question 3

Describe the structure of the epidermis.

Answer 3

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Coreum: Outermost, dead flat keratinocytes that provide a barrier
Lucidum: Thick skin, protection
Granulosum: Waterproof barrier
Spinosum: Keratinocytes connected by desmosomes, provides strength and flexability
Basale: Deepest later, new keratinocytes are generated, where melanocytes and merkel cells are found.

Question 4

What is the primary cell type found in the epidermis?

Answer 4

Keratinocytes:

Produce keratin, a protein that provides strength and waterproofing to the skin.

Question 5

Name and describe the function of three other cell types found in the epidermis.

Answer 5

Melanocytes
- Function: Found in the stratum basale, they produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. They help protect against UV radiation.

Langerhans Cells
- Function: part of the skin’s defense system, located mainly in the stratum spinosum. help identify and capture foreign pathogens, presenting them to T-cells for an immune response.

Merkel Cells
- Function: Located in the stratum basale, involved in the sensation of touch. Form connections with nerve endings, contributing to the skin’s tactile sensitivity.

Question 6

List the 4 (or 5) strata of thick skin. What stratum is absent in thin skin? What are some other key differences between thick and thin skin?

Question 7

What is the function of the stratum basale? What is the function of the stratum corneum?

Question 8

Compare the functions of keratinocytes and melanocytes (compare the functions of keratin and melanin)

Question 9

In epidermis, which strata contain living cells? Which contain dead or dying cells?

Question 10

What tissues make up the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis?

Question 11

What are the functions of the dermis?

Question 12

What is the hypodermis made of? What is its function?

Question 13

What are the 3 pigments that influence skin color?

Question 14

Describe the structure of hair and hair follicles.

Question 15

Explain the basis of hair color.

Question 16

What are nails made of?

Question 17

Describe the structure and function of sweat glands.

Question 18

What is sweat composed of?

Question 19

What are the differences between merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine sweat glands?

Question 20

Which of the following terms are synonymous with “eccrine”?
Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine

Question 21

Describe the structure, function, and location of sebaceous glands. What type of gland is a sebaceous gland? What does it secrete?

Question 22

What are some of the functionsof the integumentart system (regulation of body temp, synthesize vitamin D, etc)?