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A&P Exam 1 Review > Chapter 5: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Define the epidermis

A

Keratinized stacked flat cells covering the surface

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2
Q

Define the dermis

A

Accounts for about 95% of the skin and is located underneath the epidermis

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3
Q

Define the hypodermis

A

Composed mostly of adipose tissue and blood vessels

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4
Q

Why is Vitamin D3 synthesis important?

A

Calcium absorption and bone development

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5
Q

What cell account for 90% of the epidermis makeup?

A

Keratinocytes

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6
Q

What are malignant melanoma?

A

Mostly deadly cancer found in melanocytes or preexisting moles

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7
Q

Describe Vitamin D Production

A

Cholesterol is ingested in a meal but without sunlight it can’t by converted to calcitriol(active vitamin D) by the kidneys, liver, and skin.

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8
Q

Define skin turgor

A

A test that reveals flexibility and resilience of the skin. Loss of skin turgor hints towards dehydration.

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9
Q

What is the reticular layer?

A

It’s a layer in the dermis that is made up of collagen fibers woven in all different directions(dense irregular connective tissue). Responsible for stretch marks

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10
Q

Hair is known as…..

A

Pilus

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11
Q

Define the inflammatory phase

A

Consists or bleeding, swelling, redness, and pain. Leading to vasodilation and increased blood flow.

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12
Q

Define Migratory Phase

A

Platelets and fibrin leads to a clot/scab

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13
Q

Define Proliferation phase

A

Rapid cell division; fibroblast rebuild damage tissues and new blood vessels emerge

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14
Q

Define scarring phase

A

Increase production of collagen fibers and development of a keloid

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15
Q

What’s the function of the integumentary system?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Excretion
  3. Thermoregulation
  4. Melanin
  5. Keratin
  6. Vitamin D synthesis
  7. Lipid (fat) storage
  8. Sensation
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16
Q

How does thick skin and thin skin differ?

A

Thick skin(hairless)is found on the palm and soles of the feet while thin skin covers the rest of the body

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17
Q

Define lamellar granules

A

Water repellent

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18
Q

Define Tactile(Merkel) cells

A

Receptors for touch found in the stratum basal

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19
Q

What is the function of Dendritic(Langerhans) cells?

A

Alert the immune system of pathogens and are found in the stratum spinosum and granulosum

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20
Q

What’s the difference between dermal ridges and dermal papillae?

A

Both are finger-like projections, however, dermal ridges extend downwards into the dermal papillae. They make up the fingerprints.

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21
Q

What are the layers of epidermis?

A
  1. Stratum Basale
  2. Stratum Spinosum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Stratum Lucidum
  5. Stratum Corneum
    ( lowest to highest)
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22
Q

Why is stratum licidum only found in thick skin?

A

It’s only found in thick skin such as the palm and sole because it’s for protection for areas most common to damage.

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23
Q

What’s another name for stratum basal?

A

Germinativum

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24
Q

Define melanin

A

Produced by melanocytes and packaged in melanosomes

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25
Define ultraviolet radiation(UV Rays)
Stimulate melanin production
26
Define Carotene
Yellow pigment is acquired from egg yolks and yellow/orange vegetables. It can be converted into vitamin A
27
Define hemoglobin
The red pigment in erythrocytes
28
Define cyanosis
The blueness of the skin indicates poor circulation turning the hemoglobin violet
29
Define Erythema
Redness caused by increased blood flow or pooling of blood superficially
30
Define Pallor
Pale skin
31
Define Albinism
Genetic lack of melanin
32
Define Jaundice
Yellow skin due to high level of bilirubin can indicate liver malfunction
33
Define Bronzing
Golden-brown brown hints at Addison disease
34
Define Hematoma
Bruise caused by clotted blood
35
Define vitiligo
White patches due to loss of melanin in certain areas
36
Define rickets
A condition that causes bones to be soft and may deform due to a lack of calcium. In adults, it is known as osteomalacia and can lead to osteoporosis
37
What is the papillary layer?
A thin zone of areolar tissue in and near the dermal papillae allows for movement for the WBCs
38
What are the lines of cleavage?
Patterns formed by collagen and elastic fibers along parallel bundles. Surgeons follow to make incisions
39
Define papillary plexus
Feeds the dermal papillae
40
Define cutaneous plexus
Blood vessels in the deeper reticular layer
41
What are free nerve endings?
Sense pain and temperature
42
What is communication with nerve endings known as?
Tactile discs
43
Located in the reticular layer and senses deep pressure and vibration
Lamellated corpuscles
44
The function of hair
1. Body hair- alert us to parasites 2. Scalp hair- heat and protection 3. Beard, pubic, and axillary- sexual maturity 4. Guard hairs- prevent foreign object
45
Defines the structure of a hair. ( Bulb, follicle, root, and shaft)
Bulb- hair originates Follocle- where hair grows(flower pot) Root- located in the dermis Shaft- above the skin
46
What are the three stages of hair?
1. Anagen- growing phase 2. Catagen- shrinking follicle 3. Halogen- Reset stage
47
What are the three types of hair?
1. Lanugo- hair on the fetus 2. Vellus- peach fuzz(soft hair) 3. Terminal hair- long, course form hair and eyebrows
48
How does alopecia and male pattern baldness differ?
Alopecia is baldness while male pattern baldness is hair loss in regions.
49
How does hirsutism and telogen effluvium differ?
Hirsutism is excessive hair growth while telogen effluvium refers to hair being in the telogen stage due to stress.
50
What's the difference between sebaceous glands and sebaceous follicles?
Sebaceous glands secrete sebum into hair follicles while sebaceous follicles secrete sebum into the skin
51
What are holocrine glands?
Glands the fill with oil and then break down to release oils
52
What is myoepithelial cells?
Squeezes sweat out of a ducts
53
Where are Merocrine(eccrine) glands most common?
Palms, soles, and forehead
54
Define diaphoresis
Sweating to wetness; over sweating
55
What do ceruminous glands secrete?
Earwax
56
What is debridement?
The removal of scar tissue to prevent infection
57
What is a skin grafts
Replacing skin with artificial or human skin
58
Define Decubitus ulcer
(Bedsore) pressure cutting off blood flow resulting in necrosis
59
Define Eczema
Rash with inflamed, itchy, dry skin
60
Define Furuncle
A boil, an infected hair follicle and nearby skin
61
Define Eschar
Burned, dead tissue

A&P Exam 1 Review (4 decks)

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