Chapter 2&3: Chemistry and Cells Flashcards
What are the four types of organic?
- Carbohydrates(sugars)
- Proteins(ingredients)
- Lipids or fats(waterproof)
- Nucleic acids(bases)
What are the monomers for each polymer?
The monomer for proteins are amino acids. The monomer for carbohydrates are monosaccharides. The monomer for lipids are fatty acids. The monomer for nucleic acids are nucleotides.
How does monomers and polymers differ?
A monomer does nothing while a polymer has a function.
What is metabolism and its equation?
Metabolism is the chemical reaction used by the mitochondria to produce ATP(energy)
O2 + C6H12O6 ——-> CO2 + H2O + ATP
What property of the cell membranes makes them selectively or semipermeable?
The plasma membrane is made up fats/lipids which creates a hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer making it waterproof.
What does selective permeability mean and what structure allows passage?
Selective permeability allow certain things to pass through or not(picky). A channel is required to allow passage.
Describe the role cholesterol plays in the membrane.
Cholesterol gives the membrane structural integrity; tougher and stronger
What’s the function of the nucleus?
To house the DNA
What’s the function of the rough ER(endoplasmic reticulum)?
The site of protein synthesis(kitchen)
What’s the function of Ribosomes?
To synthesize proteins(chef)
What’s the function of the golgi apparatus(body)
To package proteins for transport (to-go box
What’s the function of mitochondrion?
To produce energy(ATP)from sugar(glucose)(energy)
What’s the function of the vesicle?
To DELIVER the package product of proteins (actual to-go box)
How does diffusion and osmosis differ?
Diffusion refers to the movement nutrients from high to low( concentration gradient)in order to create equilibrium(stability). Osmosis refers to the movement of water toward a high concentration.
Define solvent
Substances that is able to dissolve other substances (water)
Define solute
Substances that are being dissolved (sugar)
Define solution
Mixture of solvents and solutes (sugar water)
Define hypertonic
Highly concentrated solution(plasma)(very salty)
Define hypotonic
Very diluted solution(swelling)
Define isotonic
Same concentrate inside and outside
How much salt is in blood?
Blood has 0.9% of salt or 300 mOSm
What does organic mean?
Made from carbon and hydrogen
What is an enzymes?
Specialized proteins
What’s the difference between selective permeability and selective diffusion?
Selective permeability refers to the ability of a cell to control what materials either enter or leave while selective diffusion are channels that allow molecules that fit through in or out
