Chapter 2&3: Chemistry and Cells

Question 1

What are the four types of organic?

Answer 1

1. Carbohydrates(sugars)
2. Proteins(ingredients)
3. Lipids or fats(waterproof)
4. Nucleic acids(bases)

Question 2

What are the monomers for each polymer?

Answer 2

The monomer for proteins are amino acids. The monomer for carbohydrates are monosaccharides. The monomer for lipids are fatty acids. The monomer for nucleic acids are nucleotides.

Question 3

How does monomers and polymers differ?

Answer 3

A monomer does nothing while a polymer has a function.

Question 4

What is metabolism and its equation?

Answer 4

Metabolism is the chemical reaction used by the mitochondria to produce ATP(energy)

O2 + C6H12O6 ——-> CO2 + H2O + ATP

Question 5

What property of the cell membranes makes them selectively or semipermeable?

Answer 5

The plasma membrane is made up fats/lipids which creates a hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer making it waterproof.

Question 6

What does selective permeability mean and what structure allows passage?

Answer 6

Selective permeability allow certain things to pass through or not(picky). A channel is required to allow passage.

Question 7

Describe the role cholesterol plays in the membrane.

Answer 7

Cholesterol gives the membrane structural integrity; tougher and stronger

Question 8

What’s the function of the nucleus?

Answer 8

To house the DNA

Question 9

What’s the function of the rough ER(endoplasmic reticulum)?

Answer 9

The site of protein synthesis(kitchen)

Question 10

What’s the function of Ribosomes?

Answer 10

To synthesize proteins(chef)

Question 11

What’s the function of the golgi apparatus(body)

Answer 11

To package proteins for transport (to-go box

Question 12

What’s the function of mitochondrion?

Answer 12

To produce energy(ATP)from sugar(glucose)(energy)

Question 13

What’s the function of the vesicle?

Answer 13

To DELIVER the package product of proteins (actual to-go box)

Question 14

How does diffusion and osmosis differ?

Answer 14

Diffusion refers to the movement nutrients from high to low( concentration gradient)in order to create equilibrium(stability). Osmosis refers to the movement of water toward a high concentration.

Question 15

Define solvent

Answer 15

Substances that is able to dissolve other substances (water)

Question 16

Define solute

Answer 16

Substances that are being dissolved (sugar)

Question 17

Define solution

Answer 17

Mixture of solvents and solutes (sugar water)

Question 18

Define hypertonic

Answer 18

Highly concentrated solution(plasma)(very salty)

Question 19

Define hypotonic

Answer 19

Very diluted solution(swelling)

Question 20

Define isotonic

Answer 20

Same concentrate inside and outside

Question 21

How much salt is in blood?

Answer 21

Blood has 0.9% of salt or 300 mOSm

Question 22

What does organic mean?

Answer 22

Made from carbon and hydrogen

Question 23

What is an enzymes?

Answer 23

Specialized proteins

Question 24

What’s the difference between selective permeability and selective diffusion?

Answer 24

Selective permeability refers to the ability of a cell to control what materials either enter or leave while selective diffusion are channels that allow molecules that fit through in or out