Chapter 4: Histology Flashcards
What is epithelial tissue primarily responsible for?
Covering (3%)
What is connective tissue primarily for and what are some examples?
Primarily for connecting or supporting(45%)
Ex. Tendons(bone to muscle), bones, fat, and blood vessels
What is muscle tissue primarily for?
Contracting and moving(50%)
What is nervous tissue primarily for?
Sending signals to control the body(2%)
What’s another name for basement membrane?
Basal lamina
How does epithelia get nutrients?
Since epithelia is avascular, nutrients is absorbed from nearby tissues which require diffusion.
Name the four major functions of epithelia
- Physical protection (abrasion)
- Permeability(absorption and secretion of nutrients & waste)
- Sensation(touch & temperature)
- Secretion(saliva & mucus)
What hyaluronic acid?
Cell adhesion molecules(CAMs) and glycosaminoglycans(GAGs) holding cell together like glue
Define Gap Junction
Gap junction is for communication. It allows for cells to exchange nutrients
Define Tight Junction
Tight junction or occluding junction prevents leakage (ziplock bag)
Define Desmosomes
Desmosomes hold cells together by a button-snap and is common in the epidermis and cardiac muscle
Simple vs stratified
Simple refers to one layer and is good for absorption and secretion. Stratified refers to many layers and is good for protection.
Define the three shape of tissues
- Squamous: Flat
- Cuboidal: equal width and length
- Columnar: Tall and slender
Define simple squamous function and where you’ll find it.
Simple squamous(looks like fried eggs)function is to secrete and absorp. It can be located in the alveoli
Define the function of simple cuboidal and where it’s located?
Simple cuboidal(square or rounded cells) is for absorption and can be located in the kidney tubules
Define simple columnar function and location.
Simple columnar(tall and narrow) function is secretion and is located in the intestines
Define Pseudostratified Columnar function and its location.
Pseudostratified Columar function is to secrete mucus from goblet cells and found in the Respiratory tract
Villi vs Cilia
Villi is for absorption while cilia is for movement
Describe exocrine glands
Exocrine glands have ducts that secrete sweat, mammary, and tear glands
What is ground substance?
Fills the empty space between the cells and fibers(holds them together) of connective tissue.
Define the three types of ground substance.
- Hard in bones
- Liquid in blood
- Rubbery in cartilage
What are the three types of connective tissues?
- Connective tissue proper(fibrous)
Loose
Dense - Fluid connective tissue
Blood
Lymph - Supporting connective tissue
Cartilage
Bone
Fibroblasts
Produce fibers and ground substance
What is collagen fibers?
Collagen fibers are very tough like rope and found in tendons, ligaments, and deep layer of skin
What’s the difference between dense regular and dense irregular?
Dense regular is parallel collagen that’s very strong in one direction while dense irregular is beneath areolar and is strong every direction
What is Hyaline?
Is desperate collagen fibers, chondrocytes in small clusters that can be found covering bones
Bone
Osseous tissue
Describe skeletal muscle
It’s shaped like a paper towel roll with multiple nuclei
Describe Cardiac Muscle
It looks like skeletal but has only one nucleus
Describe Smooth Muscle
It’s shaped like a football
What is are cell junctions?
Connections between cells giving them resistance to stress and communication abilities.
What are connexons
Holds gap junctions together
Define hemidesmonsome
Like Desmosomes but are attached to the basale lamina(anchors)
Define elastic fibers
Thin branching fibers of elastin
Define reticular fibers
Thin collagen fibers covered in glycoprotein
Define mast cells
Secrete heparin which inhabits clothing and histamine that dilates blood vessel
What are stem cells that multiply at an injury site for repair?
Mesenchymal cells
What two cells wander the body in search of bacteria and parasites?
Neutrophils and Eosinophils
When does inflammation occurs?
With pain, redness, heat, and swelling
What are the four Cardinal Signs of inflammation?
- Redness
- Heat(not like a fever
- Edema
- Pain
Acute vs chronic
Acute develops quickly and is short-lived while chronic develops slowly and long-lasting
What is fibrosis?
Replacement of damaged cells with scar tissue
Define atrophy
Shinkage of tissues by the loss of size and cells
Define Biospy
Examination of a piece of tissue to discover disease
Define Cachexia
Weakness and wasting of the body due to severe, chronic illness like AIDS or cancer
Define Nacrosis
Premature death of tissue
Define Infrarction
Sudden death
