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POC I Final > Chapter 5- Infection Control: Transmissible Diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 5- Infection Control: Transmissible Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Organisms that are capable of producing infection or infectious disease and include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths, and prions

A

infectious agents

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2
Q

Microscopic organisms composed of a single cell, found in every habitat and environment

A

bacteria

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3
Q

Microscopic organisms that are generally considered to be nonliving as they can only replicate within a host cell

A

viruses

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4
Q

Can be single celled, or complex multicellular living organisms

A

fungi

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5
Q

single celled organisms causing parasitic infections

A

protozoa, helminths, prions

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6
Q

misfolding proteins transmitted to humans by infected meat products that prompt normal proteins to misfold, causing neurodegenerative diseases

A

prions

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7
Q

immunity to a disease occurs when the immune system develops ___ in order to eliminate an infectious agent

A

antibodies

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8
Q

Protection transferred from one animal or person to another that provides immediate but temporary immunity

A

passive immunity

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9
Q

Antibodies passed from a mother to her infant are considered ____ immunity

A

passive

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10
Q

Protection acquired in the body by having the disease recovering, or by vaccination, protection takes time to develop and can provide life-long immunity

A

active immunity

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11
Q

A child who contracts measles and recovers, or a child who receives the measles vaccination and does not suffer the disease symptoms is considered ____ immunity

A

active

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12
Q

products that provide immunity by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies to a specific infectious agent

A

vaccines

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13
Q

___ vaccines contain a weakened form of the infectious agent and can provide lifelong immunity

A

live attenuated

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14
Q

____ vaccines contain whole or partial inactive infectious agents manipulated to elicit an immune response

A

inactivated vaccines

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15
Q

Immunity from ___ vaccines may not last, boosters and multiple doses may be necessary

A

inactivated vaccines

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16
Q

___ vaccines work by taking a “message” to cells that prompts them to make a specific protein, which is then recognized by the immune system as an antigen

A

mRNA vaccines

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17
Q

the spread of microorganisms from one source to another: person to person, or person to inanimate object then to another person

A

cross-contamination

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18
Q

minimum standard of care to both protect DHCP and prevent DHCP from transmitting infectious agents among themselves and their patients

A

standard precautions

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19
Q

Bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, helminths, and prions are all considered what link in the disease transmission chain

A

infectious agent

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20
Q

people, equipment, instruments, dental unit waterlines are all considered what link in the disease transmission chain

A

reservoirs

21
Q

body fluids, skin and mucous membranes, droplets and spatter, and aerosols are all considered what link in the disease transmission chain

A

port of exit

22
Q

direct contact, indirect contact, coughing, sneezing, speaking, and breathing are all considered what link in the disease transmission chain

A

transmission

23
Q

body fluids, skin and mucous membranes droplets and spatter, needlestick, inhalation, and eyes are considered what link in the disease transmission chain

A

port of entry

24
Q

immunosuppressed, medically compromised, elderly, preexisting transmissible disease, and nonvaccinated are all considered what link in the disease transmission chain

A

susceptible host

25
Q

Interventions to break the chain of disease transmission include

A

standard and transmission precautions, immunizations, proper waste disposal, control of aerosols, treatment of secondary infection, clinical identification of lesions

26
Q

aerosol particles range in size from __ um

A

1-100

27
Q

droplet nuclei is ___um

A

<5um

28
Q

droplets are ___um

A

5-100um

29
Q

spatter is ___um

A

> 100um

30
Q

Particles up to ___um are able to be inhaled

A

200

31
Q

What bacteria may travel in dust around the dental treatment area

A

C. tetani

32
Q

pathogens that can be transmitted to anyone exposed to contaminated body fluids

A

bloodborne pathogens

33
Q

Loss of smell

A

anosmia

34
Q

Loss of taste

A

ageusia

35
Q

What herpes virus causes herpetic gingivostomatitis

A

HSV-1 Herpes simplex virus type I

36
Q

What herpes virus causes genital herpes

A

HSV-2 Herpes simplex virus type II

37
Q

What herpes virus causes varicella

A

VZV varicella zoster virus (HHV-3)

38
Q

What herpes virus causes infectious mononucleosis

A

EBV Epstein barr virus (HHV-4)

39
Q

What herpes virus causes mononucleosis, fever, hepatitis

A

CMV Human cytomegaloviruses (HHV-5)

40
Q

What herpes virus causes karposis sarcoma

A

KSHV Karposis sarcoma related virus (HHV-8)

41
Q

A coinfection of which two herpes viruses are associated with periodontitis

A

CMV and EBV

42
Q

HHV 1 affects about __-___% of people worldwide

A

50-90

43
Q

How is HIV transmitted

A

by direct contact with infected blood, semen, preseminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk

44
Q

mode of transmission: sharing needles or other injection equipment used to prepare/ inject illicit drugs, hormones, silicone, and steroids.

A

sharing needles or other injection equipment used to

45
Q

mode of transmission: all unprotected insensitive and receptive oral, anal, penile, and vaginal contact can transmit HIV

A

sexual

46
Q

a normal CD4 T lymphocyte count is

A

500-1500 cells/mm

47
Q

A CD4 T lymphocyte count below ___ indicates AIDS

A

200

48
Q

Most common pathogen in HIV

A

candida albicans

49
Q

A strain of S. aureus that is resistant to many antibiotic therapies, transmitted by direct and indirect contact, and can be endemic in a hospital

A

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

POC I Final (18 decks)

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