Chapter 5: Infection Control; Principles and Practices Flashcards
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
a type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics.
Microorganism
Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size.
Mildew
A type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects, but does not cause human infections in a salon.
Motility
Self-movement
Multiuse
reusable; items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person, even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluid.
Mycobacterium fortuitum
A microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water in small numbers.
Natural immunity
Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living.
Nonpathogenic
Harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm.
Nonporous
An item that is made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids.
Occupational disease
Illness resulting from conditions associate with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients.
Parasites
Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism, while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. Parasites must have a host to survive.
Parasitic disease
Disease caused by parasites, such as lice and mites.
Pathogenic
Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body.
Pathogenic Disease
Disease produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Protective clothing and devices designed to protect an individual from contact with bloodborne pathogens.
Phenolic disinfectants
Powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants. They are a form of formaldehyde, have a very high pH, and can damage the skin and eyes.
Porous
Made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings. Porous items are absorbent.
Pus
A fluid created by infection.
Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats)
Disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the salon.
Sanitizing
A chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level.
Scabies
A contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin.
Single-use
disposable; items that cannot be used more than once.
Sodium hypochlorite
Common household bleach; an effective disinfectant for the salon.
Spirilla
Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that cause diseases such as syphilis and Lyme disease.
Standard Precautions (SP)
precautions such as wearing personal protective equipment to prevent skin and mucous membrane where contact with a client’s blood, body fluids, secretions (except sweat), excretions, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes is likely.
Staphylococci
Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes. They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.
Sterilization
The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.
Streptococci
Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. They cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning.
Systemic disease
Disease that affects the body as a whole, often due to under-functioning or over-functioning of internal glands or organs. This disease is carried through the blood stream or the lymphatic system.
Tinea pedis
A ringworm fungus of the foot or athlete’s foot.
Tinea veriscolor (Sun spots)
A noncontagious fungal infection which is characterized by white or varicolored patches on the skin and is often found on arms and legs.
Toxins
Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses).
Tuberculocidal disinfectants
Disinfectants that kill bacteria that causes tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis
A disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing.
Universal Precautions (UP)
A set of guidelines published by OSHA that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens.
Virucidal
Capable of destroying viruses.
Virus
A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of biological organisms. A virus is capable of replication only through taking over the hosts cell’s reproductive function.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Acquired immunity
Immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, or receiving vaccinations.
Antiseptics
Chemical germicides formulated for use on skin, registered by FDA
Aseptic procedures
A process of properly handling sterilized and disinfected equipment and supplies to reduce contamination.
Asymptomatic
Showing no symptoms or signs of infection.
Autoclave
A device for sterilization by steam under pressure.
Bacilli
Short rod-shaped bacteria; causes tetanus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria.
Bacteria
One-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics.
Bactericidal
Capable of destroying bacteria.
Binary fission
The division of bacteria cells into two new cells.
Bioburden
The number of viable organisms in or on an object or surface or the organic material on a surface or object before decontamination or sterilization.
Bloodborne pathogens
Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV.
Body substance isolation (BSI)
a system of precautions to prevent contact with bodily substances and fluids by using protective apparel to prevent the spread of contagious disease.
Chelating soaps
Detergents that breakdown stubborn films and remove the residue of products such as scrubs, salts, and masks.
Clean
A mechanical process using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs.
Cocci
Rod-shaped bacteria that appear singly or in groups; staphylococci, streptococci, diplococci.
Contagious disease
A disease that is spread from one person to another; cold, ringworm, pinkeye, viral infections, nail/toe/foot infections.
Cross-contamination
Contamination that occurs when you touch one object and then transfer the contents of that object to another.
Decontamination
The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item’s surface and the removal of visible debris or residue.
Dermatophytes
A type of fungi that causes skin, hair, and nail infections.
Diagnosis
Determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic test.
Diplococci
Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia.
Direct transmission
Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching, kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking.
Disease
An abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, that makes the body incapable of carrying out its normal function.
Disinfectants
Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses on surfaces.
Disinfection
The process that eliminates most microorganisms on nonporous surfaces; not effective against bacterial spores.
Efficacy
Ability to produce an effect.
Exposure incident
Contact with broken skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that is the result of the performance of an employee.
Flagella (cilia)
Slender, hair-like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion.
Folliculitis
Inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs; folliculitis barbae, sycosis barbae, or barber’s itch.
Fungi
Microscopic plant parasites, which include molds, mildews, and yeast.
Fungicidal
Capable of destroying fungi.
Hepatitis
A bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver.
Hospital disinfectants
Disinfectants that are effective for cleaning blood and body fluids.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
A pathogen that is most often the precursor to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); progressively destroys the ability to fight infections or certain cancers.
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Plantar warts; a virus that can infect the bottom of the foot and resembles small black dots, usually in clustered groups.
Immunity
The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection.
Indirect transmission
Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface.
Infection
The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens.
Infection control
The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms.
Infectious
Caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection.
Infectious disease
Disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms that enter the body.
Inflammation
Condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection; characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling.
Local infection
An infection such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Information compiled by the manufacturer about product safety, including the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure, and flammability warnings.
