Chapter 11: Disorders and Diseases of the Skin Flashcards
Acne
Chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands that is characterized by comedones and blemishes.
Acne excoriee
Disorder where clients purposely scrape off acne lesions, causing scarring and discoloration.
Actinic keratoses
Pink or flesh-colored precancerous lesions that feel sharp or rough; resulting from sun damage.
Albinism
Absence of melanin pigment in the body, including skin, hair, and eyes; the technical term for albinism is congenital leukoderma or congenital hypopigmentation.
Anhidrosis
Deficiency in perspiration, often a result of a fever or skin disease, that requires medical treatment.
Asteatosis
Dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency, which can be due to aging, body disorders, alkalies of harsh soaps, or cold exposure.
Atopic dermatitis
Excess inflammation; dry skin, redness, and itching from allergies and irritants.
Basal cell carcinoma
Most common and the least severe type of skin cancer, which often appears as light, pearly nodules; characteristics include sores, reddish patches, or a smooth growth with an elevated border.
Bromhidrosis
Foul-smelling perspiration, usually in the armpits or on the feet.
Bulla
Large blister containing watery fluid; similar to a vesicle, but larger.
Carbuncle
Cluster of boils; large inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci bacterium; similar to a furuncle (boil) but larger.
Chloasma
Also known as liver spots; condition characterized by hyperpigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated.
Comedo
Mass of hardened sebum and skin cells in a hair follicle; open comedone - blackheads; closed comedone - whiteheads
Comedogenic
Tendency for an ingredient to clog follicles and cause a buildup of dead skin cells, resulting in comedones.
Conjunctivitis (Pinkeye)
Very contagious infection of the mucous membranes around the eye; chemical, bacterial, or viral causes.
Contact dermatitis
Inflammatory skin condition caused by contact with a substance or chemical.
Crust
Dead cells form over a wound or a blemish while it is healing, resulting in a n accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material.
Cyst
Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin.
Dermatitis
Any inflammatory condition of the skin; various forms of lesions such as eczema, vesicles, or papules; the three main categories are atopic, contact, and seborrheic dermatitis.
Dermatologist
Physician who specializes in disease of the skin, hair and nails.
Dermatology
Medical branch of science that deals with the study of the skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.
Eczema
Inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature, with dry or moist lesions.
Edema
Swelling caused by a fluid imbalance in cells or a response to injury or infection.
Erythema
Redness caused by inflammation; a red lesion is erythemic.
Excoriation
Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.
Fissure
Crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis.
Folliculitis (Folliculitis barbae, Sycosis barbae, Barbers itch)
Inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs.
Furuncle (Boil)
A subcutaneous abscess filled with pus.
Herpes simplex virus 1
Strain of the herpes virus that causes fever blisters or cold sores; it is a recurring, contagious viral infection consisting of a vesicle or group of vesicles on a red, swollen base. (On lips and nose)
Herpes simplex virus 2
Strain of the herpes virus that infects the genitals.
Herpes zoster (Shingles)
A painful viral infection skin condition from the chickenpox virus; characterized by groups of blisters that form a rash in a ring or line.
Hyperhidrosis (Diaphoresis)
Excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, medications, or medical conditions.
Hyperkeratosis
Thickening of the skin caused by a mass of keratinized cells.
Hyperpigmentation
Over-production of pigment.
Hypertrophy
Abnormal growth of the skin; many are benign, or harmless.
Hypopigmentation
Absences of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches.
Impetigo
A contagious skin infection caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria, characterized by clusters of small blisters or crusty lesions and often occurring in children.
Keloid
Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue (collagen).
Keratoma
Acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis.
Keratosis
Abnormally thick buildup of cells.
Keratosis pilaris
Redness and bumpiness common on the cheeks or upper arms; it is caused by blocked hair follicles.
Lentigo (Freckles)
Small yellow-brown colored spots.
Lesions
Mark, wound, or abnormally; structural changes in tissues caused by damage or injury.
Leukoderma
Skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches; congenital, acquired, post-inflammatory, or other causes that destroy pigment-producing cells. (Vitiligo and Albinism)
Macule
Flat spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle; macules are neither raised nor sunken.
Malignant melanoma
Most serious form of skin cancer as it can spread quickly.
Milia
Epidermal cysts; small firm papules with no visible opening; whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin; more common in dry skin types and may form after skin trauma.
Miliaria rubra (Prickly heat)
Acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands resulting in the eruption of red vesicles and burning, itching skin from excessive heat exposure.
Mole
Pigmented nevus; a brownish spot ranging in color from tan to bluish black.
Nevus
Birthmark; malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries.
Nodules
These are often referred to as tumors, but these are smaller bumps caused by conditions such as scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infections.
Papule
Pimple; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.
Perioral dermatitis
Acne-like condition around the mouth.
Primary lesions
Primary lesions are characterized by flat, nonpalpable changes in skin color such as macules or patches, or an elevation formed by fluid in a cavity, such as vesicles, bullae, or pustules.
Pruitis
Persistent itching.
Pseudofolliculitis (Razor bumps)
Resembles folliculitis without the pus or infection.
Psoriasis
Skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white-silver scales; caused by an overproliferation of skin cells that replicate to fast; found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back.
Pustule
Raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to as the head of the pimple.
Retention hyperkeratosis
Hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up and do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin.
Scale
Flaky skin cells; any thin plate of epidermal flakes, dry or oily. (Ex: Dandruff)
Scar
Light-colored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed up.
Sebaceous filaments
Similar to open comedones, these are mainly solidified impactions of oil without the cell matter.
Sebaceous hyperplasia
Benign lesions frequently seen in oiler areas of the face.
Seborrhea
Severe oiliness of the skin; an abnormal secretion from the sebaceous glands.
Seborrheic dermatitis
Common form of eczema; mainly affects oily areas; characterized by inflammation, scaling, and/or itching.
Secondary lesions
Skin damage, developed in the later stages of disease, that changes the structure of tissues or organs.
Skin tag
Small, benign outgrowths or extensions of the skin that look like flaps; common under the arms or on the neck.
Squamous cell carcinoma
Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma; characterized by scaly, red or pink papules or nodules; also appear as open sores or crusty areas; can grow and spread in the body.
Stain
Brown or wine-colored discoloration with a circular and/or irregular shape.
Steatoma (Wen)
Sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum; ranges in size from a pea to an orange.
Tan
Increase in pigmentation due to the melanin production that results from exposure to UV radiation.
Tinea
A contagious condition caused by fungal infection and not a parasite; characterized by itching, scales, and sometimes painful lesions.
Tinea corporis (Ringworm)
A contagious infection that forms a ringed, red pattern with elevated edges.
Tubercle
Abnormal rounded, solid lump; larger than a papule.
Ulcer
Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth; a deep erosion.
Urticaria (Hives)
Caused by an allergic reaction from the body’s histamine production.
Varicose veins
Vascular lesions; dilated and twisted veins, most commonly in the legs.
Vasodilation
Vascular dilation of the blood vesicles.
Verruca (wart)
Hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis caused by a virus.
Vesicle
Small blister or sac containing clear fluid; poison ivy and poison oak.
Vitiligo
Pigmentation disease characterized by white patches on the skin from lack of pigment cells; sunlight makes it worse.
Wheal
Itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction, or stings; hives and mosquito bites.
