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Esthetics > Chapter 11: Disorders and Diseases of the Skin > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Disorders and Diseases of the Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Acne

A

Chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands that is characterized by comedones and blemishes.

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2
Q

Acne excoriee

A

Disorder where clients purposely scrape off acne lesions, causing scarring and discoloration.

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3
Q

Actinic keratoses

A

Pink or flesh-colored precancerous lesions that feel sharp or rough; resulting from sun damage.

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4
Q

Albinism

A

Absence of melanin pigment in the body, including skin, hair, and eyes; the technical term for albinism is congenital leukoderma or congenital hypopigmentation.

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5
Q

Anhidrosis

A

Deficiency in perspiration, often a result of a fever or skin disease, that requires medical treatment.

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6
Q

Asteatosis

A

Dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency, which can be due to aging, body disorders, alkalies of harsh soaps, or cold exposure.

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7
Q

Atopic dermatitis

A

Excess inflammation; dry skin, redness, and itching from allergies and irritants.

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8
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common and the least severe type of skin cancer, which often appears as light, pearly nodules; characteristics include sores, reddish patches, or a smooth growth with an elevated border.

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9
Q

Bromhidrosis

A

Foul-smelling perspiration, usually in the armpits or on the feet.

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10
Q

Bulla

A

Large blister containing watery fluid; similar to a vesicle, but larger.

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11
Q

Carbuncle

A

Cluster of boils; large inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci bacterium; similar to a furuncle (boil) but larger.

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12
Q

Chloasma

A

Also known as liver spots; condition characterized by hyperpigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated.

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13
Q

Comedo

A

Mass of hardened sebum and skin cells in a hair follicle; open comedone - blackheads; closed comedone - whiteheads

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14
Q

Comedogenic

A

Tendency for an ingredient to clog follicles and cause a buildup of dead skin cells, resulting in comedones.

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15
Q

Conjunctivitis (Pinkeye)

A

Very contagious infection of the mucous membranes around the eye; chemical, bacterial, or viral causes.

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16
Q

Contact dermatitis

A

Inflammatory skin condition caused by contact with a substance or chemical.

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17
Q

Crust

A

Dead cells form over a wound or a blemish while it is healing, resulting in a n accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material.

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18
Q

Cyst

A

Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin.

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19
Q

Dermatitis

A

Any inflammatory condition of the skin; various forms of lesions such as eczema, vesicles, or papules; the three main categories are atopic, contact, and seborrheic dermatitis.

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20
Q

Dermatologist

A

Physician who specializes in disease of the skin, hair and nails.

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21
Q

Dermatology

A

Medical branch of science that deals with the study of the skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.

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22
Q

Eczema

A

Inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature, with dry or moist lesions.

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23
Q

Edema

A

Swelling caused by a fluid imbalance in cells or a response to injury or infection.

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24
Q

Erythema

A

Redness caused by inflammation; a red lesion is erythemic.

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25
Q

Excoriation

A

Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.

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26
Q

Fissure

A

Crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis.

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27
Q

Folliculitis (Folliculitis barbae, Sycosis barbae, Barbers itch)

A

Inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs.

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28
Q

Furuncle (Boil)

A

A subcutaneous abscess filled with pus.

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29
Q

Herpes simplex virus 1

A

Strain of the herpes virus that causes fever blisters or cold sores; it is a recurring, contagious viral infection consisting of a vesicle or group of vesicles on a red, swollen base. (On lips and nose)

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30
Q

Herpes simplex virus 2

A

Strain of the herpes virus that infects the genitals.

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31
Q

Herpes zoster (Shingles)

A

A painful viral infection skin condition from the chickenpox virus; characterized by groups of blisters that form a rash in a ring or line.

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32
Q

Hyperhidrosis (Diaphoresis)

A

Excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, medications, or medical conditions.

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33
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Thickening of the skin caused by a mass of keratinized cells.

34
Q

Hyperpigmentation

A

Over-production of pigment.

35
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Abnormal growth of the skin; many are benign, or harmless.

36
Q

Hypopigmentation

A

Absences of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches.

37
Q

Impetigo

A

A contagious skin infection caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria, characterized by clusters of small blisters or crusty lesions and often occurring in children.

38
Q

Keloid

A

Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue (collagen).

39
Q

Keratoma

A

Acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis.

40
Q

Keratosis

A

Abnormally thick buildup of cells.

41
Q

Keratosis pilaris

A

Redness and bumpiness common on the cheeks or upper arms; it is caused by blocked hair follicles.

42
Q

Lentigo (Freckles)

A

Small yellow-brown colored spots.

43
Q

Lesions

A

Mark, wound, or abnormally; structural changes in tissues caused by damage or injury.

44
Q

Leukoderma

A

Skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches; congenital, acquired, post-inflammatory, or other causes that destroy pigment-producing cells. (Vitiligo and Albinism)

45
Q

Macule

A

Flat spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle; macules are neither raised nor sunken.

46
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Most serious form of skin cancer as it can spread quickly.

47
Q

Milia

A

Epidermal cysts; small firm papules with no visible opening; whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin; more common in dry skin types and may form after skin trauma.

48
Q

Miliaria rubra (Prickly heat)

A

Acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands resulting in the eruption of red vesicles and burning, itching skin from excessive heat exposure.

49
Q

Mole

A

Pigmented nevus; a brownish spot ranging in color from tan to bluish black.

50
Q

Nevus

A

Birthmark; malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries.

51
Q

Nodules

A

These are often referred to as tumors, but these are smaller bumps caused by conditions such as scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infections.

52
Q

Papule

A

Pimple; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.

53
Q

Perioral dermatitis

A

Acne-like condition around the mouth.

54
Q

Primary lesions

A

Primary lesions are characterized by flat, nonpalpable changes in skin color such as macules or patches, or an elevation formed by fluid in a cavity, such as vesicles, bullae, or pustules.

55
Q

Pruitis

A

Persistent itching.

56
Q

Pseudofolliculitis (Razor bumps)

A

Resembles folliculitis without the pus or infection.

57
Q

Psoriasis

A

Skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white-silver scales; caused by an overproliferation of skin cells that replicate to fast; found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back.

58
Q

Pustule

A

Raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to as the head of the pimple.

59
Q

Retention hyperkeratosis

A

Hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up and do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin.

60
Q

Scale

A

Flaky skin cells; any thin plate of epidermal flakes, dry or oily. (Ex: Dandruff)

61
Q

Scar

A

Light-colored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed up.

62
Q

Sebaceous filaments

A

Similar to open comedones, these are mainly solidified impactions of oil without the cell matter.

63
Q

Sebaceous hyperplasia

A

Benign lesions frequently seen in oiler areas of the face.

64
Q

Seborrhea

A

Severe oiliness of the skin; an abnormal secretion from the sebaceous glands.

65
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis

A

Common form of eczema; mainly affects oily areas; characterized by inflammation, scaling, and/or itching.

66
Q

Secondary lesions

A

Skin damage, developed in the later stages of disease, that changes the structure of tissues or organs.

67
Q

Skin tag

A

Small, benign outgrowths or extensions of the skin that look like flaps; common under the arms or on the neck.

68
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma; characterized by scaly, red or pink papules or nodules; also appear as open sores or crusty areas; can grow and spread in the body.

69
Q

Stain

A

Brown or wine-colored discoloration with a circular and/or irregular shape.

70
Q

Steatoma (Wen)

A

Sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum; ranges in size from a pea to an orange.

71
Q

Tan

A

Increase in pigmentation due to the melanin production that results from exposure to UV radiation.

72
Q

Tinea

A

A contagious condition caused by fungal infection and not a parasite; characterized by itching, scales, and sometimes painful lesions.

73
Q

Tinea corporis (Ringworm)

A

A contagious infection that forms a ringed, red pattern with elevated edges.

74
Q

Tubercle

A

Abnormal rounded, solid lump; larger than a papule.

75
Q

Ulcer

A

Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth; a deep erosion.

76
Q

Urticaria (Hives)

A

Caused by an allergic reaction from the body’s histamine production.

77
Q

Varicose veins

A

Vascular lesions; dilated and twisted veins, most commonly in the legs.

78
Q

Vasodilation

A

Vascular dilation of the blood vesicles.

79
Q

Verruca (wart)

A

Hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis caused by a virus.

80
Q

Vesicle

A

Small blister or sac containing clear fluid; poison ivy and poison oak.

81
Q

Vitiligo

A

Pigmentation disease characterized by white patches on the skin from lack of pigment cells; sunlight makes it worse.

82
Q

Wheal

A

Itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction, or stings; hives and mosquito bites.

Esthetics (7 decks)

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