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Esthetics > Chapter 10 : Physiology and Histology of the Skin > Flashcards

Chapter 10 : Physiology and Histology of the Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the under arm and genital areas that secrete sweat.

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2
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

Small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh when the appendage contracts, sometimes called goose bumps and papillae.

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3
Q

Barrier function

A

Protective barrier of the epidermis; the corneum and intercellular matrix protect the surface from irritation and dehydration.

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4
Q

Ceramides

A

Glycolipid materials that are a natural part of skin’s intercellular matrix and barrier function.

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5
Q

Collagen

A

Fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; found in the reticular layer of the dermis; gives skin its firmness; a large, long-chain molecular protein that lies on top of the skin and binds water

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6
Q

Corneocytes

A

Another name for a stratum corneum cell; hardened, waterproof, protective keratinocytes; “dead” protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei.

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7
Q

Dermal papillae

A

Membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis; contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to skin and follicles.

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8
Q

Dermis

A

Support layer of connective tissue, collagen, and elastin below the epidermis

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9
Q

Desmosomes

A

The structures that assist in holding cells together; intercellular connections made of proteins.

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10
Q

Eccrine glands

A

Sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin’s surface through pores; not attached to hair follicles, secretions do not produce an offensive odor.

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11
Q

Elastin

A

Protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity and firmness.

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12
Q

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)

A

Stimulates cells to reproduce and heal.

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13
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer of the skin; a thin protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings.

  1. Stratum corneum
  2. Stratum lucidum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum spinosum
  5. Stratum germinativum
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14
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Cells that stimulate cells, collagen, and amino acids that form proteins.

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15
Q

Follicles

A

Hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are tube-like openings in the epidermis.

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16
Q

Eumelanin

A

A type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color.

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17
Q

Glycation

A

Caused by an elevation in blood sugar, glycation is the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures called Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs)

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18
Q

Hair papillae

A

Cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb.

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19
Q

Hyaluronic acid

A

Hydrating fluids found in the skin; hydrophilic agent with water binding properties.

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20
Q

Hydrolipidic

A

Hydrolipidic film is an oil-water balance that protects the skin’s surface.

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21
Q

Intercellular matrix

A

Lipid substances between corneum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation.

22
Q

Keratin

A

Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of skin, hair, and nails.

23
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins.

24
Q

Langerhans immune cells

A

Guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized foreign invaders, such as bacteria, and then process these antigens for removal through the lymph system.

25
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites; also respond to allergies.

26
Q

Lymph vessels

A

Located in the dermis, these supply nourishment within the skin and remove waste.

27
Q

Melanin

A

Tiny grains of pigment that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis.

28
Q

Melanocytes

A

Cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer.

29
Q

Melanosomes

A

Pigment carrying granules that produce melanin, a complex protein.

30
Q

Papillary layer

A

Top layer of the dermis next to the epidermis.

31
Q

Pheomelanin

A

A type of melanin that is red and yellow in color, People with light colored skin mostly produce this.

32
Q

Pores

A

Tube-like opening for sweat glands on the epidermis.

33
Q

Reticular Layer

A

Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous (oil) glands and nerve endings.

34
Q

Rosacea

A

Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and the nose and is characterized by flushing (redness), telangiectasis

35
Q

Sebaceous glands (oil glands)

A

Protect the surface of the skin; connected to follicles.

36
Q

Sebum

A

Oil that privides protection for the epidermis from external factors and lubricates both the skin and hair.

37
Q

Stratum corneum (Horny layer)

A

Outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of corneocytes.

38
Q

Stratum germinativum (Basal cell layer)

A

Active layer of the epidermis above the papillary layer of the dermis; cell mitosis takes place here that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth.

39
Q

Stratum granulosum (Granular layer)

A

layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules; replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum.

40
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum; thickest on palms of hands and soles of feet.

41
Q

Stratum spinosum (Spiny layer)

A

Layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum layer containing desmosomes.

42
Q

Subcutaneous layer (Hypodermis)

A

Subcutaneous adipose (fat) tissue located beneath the dermis; a protective cushion and energy storage for the body.

43
Q

Subcutis tissue (adipose tissue)

A

Fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use as energ, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin.

44
Q

Sudoriferous glands (sweat glands)

A

Excrete perspiration, regulate body temperature, and detoxify the body by excreting excess salts and unwanted chemicals.

45
Q

T-cells

A

Identify molecules that have foregin peptides and also help regulate immune response.

46
Q

Telangiectasia (couperose skin)

A

Cappillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended, blood vessels

47
Q

Transepidermal water loss (TEWL)

A

Water loss caused by evaporation on the skins surface.

48
Q

Tyrosinase

A

The enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin.

49
Q

UVA radiation (aging rays)

A

longer wavelengths ranging between 320 to 400 nanometers that penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB; cause genetic damage and cell death.

50
Q

UVB radiation (burning rays)

A

UVB wavelenghts range between 290 to 320 nanometers, UVB rays have shorter, burning wavelengths that are stronger and more damaging than UVA rays.

Esthetics (7 decks)

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