Chapter 5 Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Industrialized
An economy based on Industry, not agriculture
Technology
New inventions; the science of industry
Exploit
To use
Labor supply
Supply of workers
Test act
An act forbidding anyone except members of the church of England from a holding political office or entering the professions
Capital
Money used invest in business
Raw materials
Essential materials needed in an industry to make a product
Commons
Learned how to be used by everyone
Fodder
Animal food
Synthetic
Made by humans
Entrepreneur
A person who runs a business, taking the risk in order to earn a profit
Franchise
The right to vote
Cast iron
Molten iron poured into a mold to make a product
Capitalist
A person with money to invest
Clothier
A capitalist who invests money in textile making
Social reforms
People who wish to damage the nature of society
Labor unions
Organizations devoted to improving conditions for their members
Society
In this context, the upper-class
Supply
The amount of goods available
Demand
The desire of people to buy a certain goods or product
Why did the Industrial Revolution start in England?
Lots of people were willing to work, and there was lots of raw materials
What was the importance of the colonies?
British colonies can import raw materials from the colonies and saw the finished product back to the colonies
What were the important part of the agricultural revolution?
New breeds, crops, and technology/enclosure was invented
What were the main parts of the economic revolution and how did they affect people’s lives?
Laissez-faire policy which meant business and industry were as free as free as possible from any government regulation
What was an important type of transportation improvement?
The steam machine/engine
What is supply and demand?
Supply meant the amount of goods available
Demand it was the desire of people to buy a certain product
How did the factory age affect people?
New inventions required a large source of energy (water or steam), Required factories
Factory system affected thousands and thousands of people. Create a new cities, with factory workers living in large housing development. Made Britian wealthy but was brutally hard on working people
A working/middle-class emerged
What were the factory act?
A law designed to improve the lives of working people, children were the first to benefit, it was illegal to have children work 12 hours straight in cotton mills, later it became illegal to hire a child under nine years of age for work in the textile industry, factory acts were past later passed
What was life like for people during the Industrial Revolution? All levels
Upper-class, lived in a large households with many servants, lives pampered lives
Middle class, how do at least one or more servants moderate size house
Poor, lived in crammed apartment buildings normally one family lived in one room, cities grew quickly so streets and sewers hadn’t been built which caused polluted water that often carry diseases, sometimes lived in workhouses
What were industrial cities like?
Crowded, crime in disease were common, diseases such as scarlet fever, tetanus, tuberculosis and chlorea
Where did people go during the industrial revolution if they cannot find work?
Overcrowded cities of Britain, move to colonies
What was Townsheds innovation?
His innovation was to make agriculture more profitable, Found going for crops in rotation produced four times the amount of crop
What was the spinning Jenny?
The spinning Jenny sped up production right by spinning eight threads at once, an improvement for the spinning wheel
What were the Mac Adam roads?
The Mac Adam roads were for 30 feet wide and required a 3 inch elevation from the edges to the center to allow water to flow off into the ditches on either side
What were working conditions for children?
Went into work at the earliest age possible for their family to afford food and shelter. Wages were low. Children were useful because of their small size, they could stick their hands into workings of machines and pick out tangles or threads. Chimney cleaners also employed small boys, who were sent up into chimneys of large houses and buildings to clean out soot.
