Chapter 5: Histology Flashcards
What is a chondroblast?
They produce cartilage by secreting the matrix and surrounding themselves with it, forming lacunae.
What are the 3 primary germ layers for embryonic tissues?
- Ectoderm (outer): gives rise to epidermis and nervous system
- Endoderm (inner): gives rise to mucous membrane lining digestive and respiratory tracts, digestive glands
- Mesoderm (middle): become gelatinous tissue called mesenchyme, wispy colagen fibers and fibroblasts in gel matrix. Gives rise to muscle, bone, blood
What is the basement membrane made of?
Collagen, laminin and fibronectin (adhesive glycoproteins), heparin sulfate (large protein-carbohydrate complex)
Which type of epithelial cells are goblet cells found in?
Simple columnar and pseudostratified
Where are simple squamous epithelium found?
Alveoli (air sacs in lungs), glomeruli (cluster of capillaries at end of kidney tubule), endothelium, serosa
Where are simple cuboidal epithelium found?
Liver, thyroid, mammary and salivary glands, bronchioles, kidney tubules
Where are simple columnar epithelium found?
Lining of GI tract, uterus and uterine tubes, kidney
Where are pseudostratified epithelium found?
Respiratory tract and portions of male urethra
Where is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found?
Epidermis, palms and soles of feet
Where is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium found?
Tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus, vagina
Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found?
Sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles, tubules in testes
Where is transitional epithelium found?
Ureter and bladder
What are the 3 main components of ground substance in fibrous connective tissues?
- Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
- Proteoglycans
- Adhesive glycoproteins
Where is areolar (loose) connective tissue found?
Under ALL epithelia, serous membranes, between muscles, passageways for nerves and blood vessels
Where is reticular (loose) connective tissue found?
Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow
Where is dense regular connective tissue found?
Tendons attach to muscles to bones and ligaments hold bones together
Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?
Deeper layer of skin, capsules around organs
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
Articular cartilage (ends of bones), costal cartilage (ends of ribs), trachea, larynx, fetal skeleton
Where is elastic cartilage found?
External ear and epiglottis
Where is fibrocartilage found?
Pubic symphysis, menisci, invertebral discs
What is an erythrocyte?
Red blood cells
What is a leukocyte?
White blood cells for defense against infection
What is a platelet?
Cell fragments involved in clotting
What do the neuroglia do?
Protect and assist neurons, “housekeepers” of nervous system
What part of the neuron receives signals and transmits to neurosoma?
Dendrites
What part of the neuron transmits signals to other cells?
Axon
Where is smooth muscle found?
Digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract linings
