Chapter 1: Major Themes of A & P

Question 1

Define anatomy and physiology.

Answer 1

Anatomy is the study of structure of the body: what they are made from, where they are located, and associated structures. Physiology is the study of function: individual and cooperative structures.

Question 2

Define gross anatomy.

Answer 2

Structures you can see with the naked eye by observation, radiology, or dissection.

Question 3

Define surface anatomy.

Answer 3

Exterior features

Question 4

Define regional anatomy.

Answer 4

Body areas

Question 5

Define cytology.

Answer 5

Study of function and structure of individual cells

Question 6

Define histology.

Answer 6

Microscopic examination of tissues

Question 7

Define embryology.

Answer 7

Study from egg to maturity

Question 8

Define gerontology.

Answer 8

Study of old people, aging, and their health problems

Question 9

Define radiographic.

Answer 9

Branch of medicine concerned with body imaging, viewing inside of body without surgery

Question 10

Define pathological.

Answer 10

Relating to disease

Question 11

Discuss and describe the Scientific Method.

Answer 11

Culmination of observation, logical thinking, and conclusion of one’s experiment.

Question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment.

Question 12

What is the difference between the Inductive and Hypothetico-deductive Methods?

Answer 12

In the Inductive Method, we make observations and draw conclusions and make predictions based on our observations. In the Hypothetico-deductive Method, we first create a hypothesis to find a method for answering a question. Then we make a prediction and apply it to an experiment we are doing, this is like the scientific method.

Question 13

What is the difference between facts, laws, and theories and give examples?

Answer 13

A fact can be undeniably reproduced by any trained person. An example is iron deficiency leads to anemia.

A law is the generalized prediction of how matter and energy behave. An example is the Law of Complimentary Base Pairing: adenine to thymine, guanine to cytosine.

A theory is an explanatory statement derived from laws and facts. An example is the fluid-mosaic theory of cell membranes.

Question 14

List the 11 organ systems.

Answer 14

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic & Immune, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive

Question 15

Discuss the “principle of complimentarity of structure and function” in terms of its importance to biology.

Answer 15

Function follows form