Chapter 5 (Hands, Fingers, Thumb, Wrist, Scaphoid)

Question 1

Anatomists divided the upper extremities into what main groups:

Answer 1

Hand
Forearm
Arm
Shoulder girdle

Question 2

How many bones does the hand consist of and what groups are they subdivided into:

Answer 2

27 bones

3 hand subdivisions-
Phalanges: Bones of the digits (fingers and thumb)
Metacarpals: Bones of the palm
Carpals: Bones of the wrist

Question 3

What are the 5 Digits of the hand:

Answer 3

First digit-Thumb
Second digit-index/pointer finger
Third digit-middle finger
Fourth digit-ring finger
Fifth digit-small finger

Question 4

How many phalanges do digits contain, what kinds of bone are they and what shape do they consist of:

Answer 4

14 phalanges
Long bones
Cylindrical body and articular ends

Question 5

The first digit has how many phalanges:

Answer 5

2-proximal and distal

Question 6

Digits 2-5 have how many phalanges each:

Answer 6

3-proximal, middle, distal

Question 7

Proximal phalanges are:

Answer 7

Closest to the palm

Question 8

Distal phalanges are:

Answer 8

The furthest from the palm

Question 9

Shape of distal phalanges:

Answer 9

Small and flattened, with a roughed rim around their distal anterior end
Spatula like appearance

Question 10

Each phalanx has a:

Answer 10

Head, body, and base

Question 11

Nine phalanges have:

Answer 11

2 articular ends

Question 12

How many metacarpals are there and how are they shaped:

Answer 12

5 metacarpals and Cylindric in shape

Forming the palm of the hand
Slightly concave anteriorly

Question 13

What kind of bones are the metacarpals:

Answer 13

Long bones

Consisting of a body and two articular ends, The head distally and the base proximally

Question 14

The area below the metacarpals head is the:

Answer 14

Neck-where fractures often occur

Question 15

The first metacarpal contains:

Answer 15

Two small sesamoid bones on its palmar aspect below the neck

Question 16

A single sesamoid is often seen at this same level on the:

Answer 16

Second metacarpal

Question 17

The metacarpal heads are commonly known as what and are commonly visible when:

Answer 17

Knuckles
On the dorsal hand in flexion

Question 18

How are the metacarpals numbered and begin where:

Answer 18

1-5
Beginning from the lateral side of the hand

Question 19

How many bones does the wrist have and how are they arranged:

Answer 19

Eight carpal bones
Fitted closely together in two horizontal rows

Question 20

What kind of bones are the carpals and how are they composed:

Answer 20

Short bones
Composed largely of cancellous tissue with an outer layer of compact bony tissue

Question 21

The proximal row of carpals is nearest to the what and contains:

Answer 21

Nearest to the forearm
Contains the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform

Question 22

The distal row of carpals is furthest from the what and contains:

Answer 22

Furthest from the forearm
Contains trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate

Question 23

Scaphoid

Answer 23

1st proximal carpal bone
Scaphoid is the largest bone in the proximal carpal row
Has a tubercle on the anterior and lateral aspect for muscle attachment
Is palpable near the base of the thumb

Question 24

Lunate

Answer 24

2nd proximal carpal bone
Lune articulates with the radius proximately and is easy to recognize because of its crescent shape.

Question 25

Triquetrum

Answer 25

3rd proximal carpal bone Triquetrum is approximately pyramidal and articulates anteriorly with the hamate

Question 26

Pisiform

Answer 26

4th proximal carpal bone Pisiform is a pea-shaped bone situated anterior to the triquetrum and is easily palpated

Question 27

Trapezium

Answer 27

1st distal carpal bone Trapezium has a tubercle and groove on the anterior surface. The tubercles of the trapezium and scaphoid constitute the lateral margin of the carpal groove

Question 28

Trapezoid

Answer 28

2nd distal carpal bone Trapezoid has a smaller surface anteriorly than posteriorly

Question 29

Capitate

Answer 29

3rd distal carpal bone Capitate articulates with the base of the third metacarpal and is the largest and most centrally located carpal

Question 30

Hamate

Answer 30

4th distal carpal bone Hamate is wedge shaped and exhibits the prominent hook of hamate, which is located on the anterior surface

Question 31

Hamate and Pisiform form the:

Answer 31

Medial margin of the carpal groove

Question 32

A triangular depression is located on the posterior surface of the wrist and is visible when the thumb is abducted and extended Formed by tendons of the two major muscles of the thumb Overlies the scaphoid bone, and the radial artery, which carries blood to the dorsum of the hand:

Answer 32

Anatomic snuff-box

Question 33

Tenderness in the snuff-box area is a clinical sign suggesting:

Answer 33

Fracture of the scaphoid, which is the most commonly fractured carpal bone 

Question 34

The anterior or palmar surface of the wrist is concave from side to side and forms the:

Answer 34

Carpal sulcus

Question 35

A strong fibrous band, attaches medially to the pisiform and the hook of hamate and laterally to the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium:

Answer 35

Flexor retinaculum

Question 36

Carpal canal or carpal tunnel is the passageway created between the:

Answer 36

Carpal sulcus and flexor retinaculum

Question 37

Passes through the carpal canal:

Answer 37

Median nerve and flexor tendons

Question 38

Carpal tunnel syndrome results from:

Answer 38

Compression of the median nerve inside the carpal tunnel

Question 39

Bennett

Answer 39

Fracture at base of first metacarpal

Question 40

Boxer

Answer 40

Fracture of metacarpal neck

Question 41

Colles

Answer 41

Fracture of distal radius with posterior *dorsal* displacement

Question 42

Smith

Answer 42

Fracture of distal radius with anterior *palmer* displacement