Chapter 5- Gender Flashcards
1
Q
sex
A
- the external sex/physical characteristics that are used to define people as male or female
- genitalia most often used, not completely reliable
2
Q
gender expression
A
- aka gender
- will refer to all the characteristics, traits, apparel, mannerism and other things that we understand as masculine, feminine or androgynous
- most commonly seen through name, pronoun usage, clothing, hair style, behaviour, voice and other body characteristics
- extends beyond labelling things as feminine or masculine
- it is a way in which societies give order and structure to how men, women and people who fall outside these two categories are treated
3
Q
sexual orientation
A
- who we are emotionally, spiritually, physically, and sexually attracted to
- gay, lesbian, bi, straight
4
Q
gender identity
A
- is the range of experiences of man, woman, trans or otherwise
- best thought of as a range of identities on a spectrum
5
Q
sexuality/ sexual identity
A
- all the aspects of our bodies and personalities that construct how we and others understand ourselves as sexual beings
- can include a wide range of factors including dress, personality, body image, variances in sexual interests (i.e., fetishes) and more
6
Q
binary
A
- one or the other
- ways of thinking is faulty
- varies over the life course
7
Q
Gender-bread person **exam**
A
- better way to look at gender
- looks at identity, expression, sex, gender, and sexual orientation… all of these things do not determine eachother
Gender identity
- lack of woman-ness to woman-ness
- lack of man-ness to man-ness
Gender expression
- lack of femininity to femininity
- lack of masculinity to masculinity
Anatomical sex
- lack of female-ness to female-ness
- lack of male-ness to male-ness
Sexually attracted to and romantically attracted to
- lack of to woman and/r feminine and/or female people
- lack of to men and/or masculine and/or male people
- Who we are sexually attracted and romantically attracted to not always the same
8
Q
sexual orientation and gender identity are…
A
- different things!
- a person may identify as transgender and be attracted to any other person
- their gender identity is not based on their sexual orientation
9
Q
Gender development in childhood
A
- Most children become aware of their assigned sex by about 18 months of age
- By 36 months, most children have acquired a firm sense of gender identity
Three Related Processes
1. Detecting gender
- recognizing differences between male and female
2. Having gender - recognizing in oneself characteristics you share with either girls or boys
3. Doing gender - matching one’s behaviour with male or female stereotypes
10
Q
stereotypes
A
- fixed, oversimplified, sometimes distorted ideas about a group of people
- Research suggests there are strong and enduring stereotypes about the traits, role behaviours, and physical characteristics of men and women
- for example that men are more independent and women are more communal
- that certain jobs are more appropriate for men than women and vice versa
11
Q
social structural theory
A
- gender differences from unequal power divisions
- privilege and power embedded in a patriacrchal society
12
Q
gender norms
A
- norms do NOT doom us to harmful or negative behaviours
- should be recognized as norms, things most people do
- not a strict code of conduct that we must adhere to
- shifting norms can mitigate the negative effects of the harmful aspects
13
Q
Negative effects of traditional norms related to women
A
- Less likely to become educated on sexual health issues
- Less likely to plan for sex
- More likely to give birth at a young age
- More likely to have an unintended pregnancy
- More likely to use condoms inconsistently
- More likely to have poor condom use skills
- Less able to negotiate safer sex
- More likely to have poor assertive communication skills
- More likely to have a partner that disapproves of safer sex practices
- More likely to experience power imbalances in her romantic relationships
- More likely to leave the decision making, timing, and condition for having sex up to her male partner
- Less likely to have self-efficacy to avoid HIV
- Less likely to enjoy first sexual encounter
- More likely to experience physical and/or sexual abuse in her relationship
14
Q
negative effects of traditional norms related to men
A
- More likely to have more sexual partners in the last year
- More likely to hold negative attitudes about condoms (associated with low condom use)
- Less likely to report readiness to use condoms consistently
- Less likely to use condoms consistently
- Less likely to access health care
- Less likely to have had a physical examination in the last year
- Less likely to believe in male responsibility to prevent pregnancy
- More likely to believe that pregnancy validates masculinity
- More likely to approve asymmetrical decision-making power with intimate partners
- More likely to have a less intimate relationship at last intercourse
- More likely to have a greater belief that relationships between women and men are adversarial
- More likely to have homophobic attitudes
15
Q
intersex
A
- umbrella term used to describe people who have sex characteristics that are not exclusively male or female
- Congenital conditions in which anatomical, gonadal, or chromosomal sex is atypical - also referred to as intersex variations
