Chapter 5 Extra Info Flashcards
What belief separates Judaism from the many polytheistic religions of the Greco-Roman world?
The belief that all other Gods (other than Yahweh) are mere idols and unworthy of worship
The covenant was originally given to who?
Abraham
What is the sign of the seal of the covenant?
Circumcision for all male children
Faithfulness to the law, and hence the covenant, would bring blessing and prosperity to the land of_______
Israel
The prophets, especially ______ and _______, maintained that the Babylonian exile was punishment for Israel’s unfaithfulness
Isaiah and Jeremiah
While the law of Moses contained many ethical standards common to other ancient cultures, certain beliefs and practices set Judaism apart. Name the 4 important ones
1) worship of Yahweh
2) circumcision for all male children
3) a weekly sabbath rest
4) dietary laws prohibiting the eating of unclean animals
What was the center of Israel’s religious life?
Jerusalem temple
Who built the first Jerusalem temple and who destroyed it?
Solomon built it
Babylonians destroyed it in 587 BC
Who built the second Jerusalem temple and who greatly expanded it and transformed it into one of the most magnificent buildings of the ancient world?
Zerubbabel built it
Herod the Great expanded it
Non- Jews could go no farther to the second temple than the ______ _______ of the _______
Outer court of the Gentiles
Going into the temple, name the three courtyards that you would come across
1) Court of Women (for all Israelites)
2) the Court of Israel (for pure males)
3) Court of priests (where the temple building stood)
The temple building was divided into two chambers, each protected by a large curtain.
1) What’s the name of the first and what was in it? How often could a priest enter here?
2) what’s the name of the second and what was in it?
How often could a priest enter here?
1) holy place- contained a golden lamp stand, table of consecrated bread, and altar of incense. A priest could enter twice a day to burn incense.
2) holy of holies- contained ark of the covenant. A high priest could enter only once a year on the Day or Atonement
Name the most sacred place in Judaism
The holy of holies
The temple compound was more than a place of sacrifices. It was also a center for______,_______ and ________ _______.
Judicial, religious and community life
Temple worship centered on ______ conducted by priests
Sacrifices
Synagogue worship centered on study of _____ led by _____ and _______
Torah
Led by scribes and rabbis
Gods special tribe in place of the firstborn of all Israelites
Levites
Levites role was to…..
Serve as assistants the priests in the service of the tabernacle and later the temple
The priests were also levites but more specifically descendants of ______
Aaron
The brother of Moses and the first high priest of Israel
Aaron
Name 5 functions of a priest
1) offer daily sacrifices
2) maintain temple grounds
3) collect tithes
4) pronounce blessings
5) perform purification rites
The highest religious office in Judaism was the…
High priest
Name 5 functions of a high priest
1) oversaw temple worship
2) collected taxes
3) performed administrative functions
4) offer sacrifices once a year in the holy of holies
5) head of the Sanhedrin( Jewish high court)
Caiaphas’ father in law who was deposed by the romans
Annas
The Sanhedrin was originally made up of the _______ _______, both lay _____ and _______
Jerusalem nobility
Lay leaders and priests
Wherever 10 Jewish males were present, a ________ could be formed
Synagogue
Shema
The most important confession of faith in Judaism
What two things did a synagogue ruler do?
What two things did a synagogue rulers assistant do?
Ruler- maintained the synagogue and organized worship service
Assistant- took care of the Scripture scrolls and blew the rams horn to announce the beginning and end of a service
One of the most important developments in the postexilic Jewish communities was the establishment of the profession of_________.
Scribe
Scribes were experts in the _____ and ______of the law of ________
Exposition
Interpretation
Moses
The scribes traced their origin back to which priest?
Ezra
Scribes would be found throughout the cities and towns of Israel, providing exposition of the ____ for everyday life, _______ disciple, and _______ children in _______ schools
Law
Training
Educating
Rabbinic
Name 2 places that the scribal instruction took place
Temple and synagogues
Many scribes were_____ though there were also ______ and priests among them
Pharisees
Sadducees
The scribal office was gained through _____ and ______
Knowledge and ability
Paul was educated at the feet of _____, one of the leading _____ of _____
Gamaliel
Rabbis
Jerusalem
Name 2 of the most famous rabbinic schools of the first century
1) Hillel
2) Shammai
The school of Shammai represented the more…..
Restrictive interpretation of the law
The scribes are condemned together with the _____ for their legalism and hypocrisy
Pharisees
Israel’s national identity was fundamentally religious, revolving around the foundations of _______, _______ and ________.
Monotheism, covenant and Torah
The Sadducees appear to have arisen from the priestly families of the Jerusalem_______ who supported the _______ dynasty
Aristocracy
Hasmonean
The sadducees name was probably derived from the priestly line of_____, who served as a high priest during the reign of _____.
Zadok
David
In Jesus’ day, what did the sadducees Control?
Controlled the priesthood and most political affairs
The Sadducees considered only the ______ to be fully authoritative Scripture, denying the ______ traditions of the Pharisees
Pentateuch
Oral
The Sadducees differed from the Pharisees by rejecting…..
Belief in the immortality of the soul and the resurrection of the body.
Who did not believe in angels or spirits
Sadducees
What ended the sadducees political influence and made them disappear from history
The destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70
The Pharisees probably arose from the ____, the pious jews who had fought with the Maccabees against the oppression of _______ Epiphanes.
Hasidim
Antiochus
Who did the Pharisees primarily appear to have been?
Middle class laypeople such as merchants and craftsman
The most distinctive characteristic of the Pharisees was their strict adherence to______, _______ ______and ______ ______.
Torah
Written law and oral law
Name the Pharisees two goals
1) to apply Torah’s commands to everyday life
2) to “build a fence” around Torah to guard it
Some scholars believe that the Pharisees goal was to……
Apply to themselves the Old Testament purity laws originally intended for priests and levities
Was Jesus more closer theologically to the Pharisees or Sadducees?
Why?
Pharisees bc they shared beliefs in the authority of scripture, the resurrection and the coming of the messiah
Like the Pharisees, the Essenes probably grew out of the ______ movement
Hasidim
Most scholars believe that the Qumran community, which produced the _____ ______ ______, were _____.
Dead Sea scrolls
Essenes
The Qumran community began when a group of priests descended from_____ withdrew from the Jerusalem _______ and moved to the ______ wilderness near the _____ ____.
Zadok
Priesthood
Judean
Dead Sea
The Qumran sectarians were greatly influenced by a leader known as the ….
Teacher of righteousness who was persecuted by a Jerusalem high priest “wicked priest”
The Qumran expected two messiahs:
1) a military messiah from the line of David
2) a priestly messiah from the line of Aaron
The Qumran community was eventually destroyed by the ______ in the ______ ______ of AD 66-73
Romans
Jewish Revolt
Which groups were eschatologically oriented?
Christians and Qumrans
Social banditry
A form of Zealots who were like “Robin Hood”. They commonly gained popular support from the poor and common ppl
Messianic
A form of Zealots that aims to overthrow the Roman rulers and establish an independent Jewish state
Prophetic
A form of Zealots who gained a popular following by claiming that Gods deliverance was about to take place
Josephus claims that the fourth philosophy held _____ similar to the _____ but would accept no one but God as their ruler, and wanted to overthrow the _____.
Beliefs
Pharisees
Romans
Sicarii
“Freedom fighters” who would mingle with a crowd during a festival and stab Roman sympathizers
Which disciple of Jesus is identified as “The Zealot”
Simon
How was viewed as the political opposites of social bandits and revolutionaries?
Herodians
Herodians weee supporters of the pro-______ _______ _______. During Jesus ministry, they were based primarily in ______ and ______ , where Herod antipas ruled
Roman herodian dynasty
Galilee and Perea
The most widespread messianic hope in the first century was for the _______ _______.
Davidic Messiah
The Samaritans were not expecting a Davidic Messiah but a…….
Moses-like deliverer known as Taheb “returning one”
A Jewish scholar and philosopher who lived in Alexandria, Egypt
Philo
The Dead Sea scrolls we’re discovered near the archeological site of _____ ______.
Khirbet Qumran
The greatest archeological find of the twentieth century
Dead Sea scrolls
Why are the Dead Sea scrolls important
They give us insight on the Jews which produced them and they contain a wealth of information on the manuscript tradition of the Old Testament
Name the 3 types of literature that the scrolls comprise
1) sectarian literature
2) biblical manuscript
3) extrabiblical literature
Sectarian literature
Material produced by the Qumran community itself including rules and regulations for community life
Biblical manuscripts
Fragments from almost every book in the Old Testament
Extrabiblical literature
Contains fragments of apocryphal and pseudepigraphic works
Give 3 reasons why Protestants reject the apocrypha as authoritative
1) they contain historical errors
2) they contain teachings at variance with scripture
3) they lack the prophetic power of the biblical books
What is important for the study of the New Testament
Apocrypha
Tosefta
Alternate interpretations and other material not included in the Mishnah
Gemara
Comments on the Mishnah by rabbis
Talmud
The complete body of Jewish oral law
Name the two editions of the Talmud
1) Palestinian edition (Jerusalem Talmud)
2) Babylonian edition
Name the two main types of material that the Talmud contains
1) halakah- legal rulings and interpretations
2) Haggadah- non-legal portions(like parables)
