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Bible > Chapter 5 Extra Info > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Extra Info Flashcards

1
Q

What belief separates Judaism from the many polytheistic religions of the Greco-Roman world?

A

The belief that all other Gods (other than Yahweh) are mere idols and unworthy of worship

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2
Q

The covenant was originally given to who?

A

Abraham

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3
Q

What is the sign of the seal of the covenant?

A

Circumcision for all male children

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4
Q

Faithfulness to the law, and hence the covenant, would bring blessing and prosperity to the land of_______

A

Israel

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5
Q

The prophets, especially ______ and _______, maintained that the Babylonian exile was punishment for Israel’s unfaithfulness

A

Isaiah and Jeremiah

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6
Q

While the law of Moses contained many ethical standards common to other ancient cultures, certain beliefs and practices set Judaism apart. Name the 4 important ones

A

1) worship of Yahweh
2) circumcision for all male children
3) a weekly sabbath rest
4) dietary laws prohibiting the eating of unclean animals

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7
Q

What was the center of Israel’s religious life?

A

Jerusalem temple

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8
Q

Who built the first Jerusalem temple and who destroyed it?

A

Solomon built it

Babylonians destroyed it in 587 BC

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9
Q

Who built the second Jerusalem temple and who greatly expanded it and transformed it into one of the most magnificent buildings of the ancient world?

A

Zerubbabel built it

Herod the Great expanded it

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10
Q

Non- Jews could go no farther to the second temple than the ______ _______ of the _______

A

Outer court of the Gentiles

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11
Q

Going into the temple, name the three courtyards that you would come across

A

1) Court of Women (for all Israelites)
2) the Court of Israel (for pure males)
3) Court of priests (where the temple building stood)

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12
Q

The temple building was divided into two chambers, each protected by a large curtain.
1) What’s the name of the first and what was in it? How often could a priest enter here?
2) what’s the name of the second and what was in it?
How often could a priest enter here?

A

1) holy place- contained a golden lamp stand, table of consecrated bread, and altar of incense. A priest could enter twice a day to burn incense.
2) holy of holies- contained ark of the covenant. A high priest could enter only once a year on the Day or Atonement

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13
Q

Name the most sacred place in Judaism

A

The holy of holies

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14
Q

The temple compound was more than a place of sacrifices. It was also a center for______,_______ and ________ _______.

A

Judicial, religious and community life

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15
Q

Temple worship centered on ______ conducted by priests

A

Sacrifices

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16
Q

Synagogue worship centered on study of _____ led by _____ and _______

A

Torah

Led by scribes and rabbis

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17
Q

Gods special tribe in place of the firstborn of all Israelites

A

Levites

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18
Q

Levites role was to…..

A

Serve as assistants the priests in the service of the tabernacle and later the temple

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19
Q

The priests were also levites but more specifically descendants of ______

A

Aaron

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20
Q

The brother of Moses and the first high priest of Israel

A

Aaron

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21
Q

Name 5 functions of a priest

A

1) offer daily sacrifices
2) maintain temple grounds
3) collect tithes
4) pronounce blessings
5) perform purification rites

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22
Q

The highest religious office in Judaism was the…

A

High priest

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23
Q

Name 5 functions of a high priest

A

1) oversaw temple worship
2) collected taxes
3) performed administrative functions
4) offer sacrifices once a year in the holy of holies
5) head of the Sanhedrin( Jewish high court)

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24
Q

Caiaphas’ father in law who was deposed by the romans

A

Annas

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25
Q

The Sanhedrin was originally made up of the _______ _______, both lay _____ and _______

A

Jerusalem nobility

Lay leaders and priests

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26
Q

Wherever 10 Jewish males were present, a ________ could be formed

A

Synagogue

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27
Q

Shema

A

The most important confession of faith in Judaism

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28
Q

What two things did a synagogue ruler do?

What two things did a synagogue rulers assistant do?

A

Ruler- maintained the synagogue and organized worship service

Assistant- took care of the Scripture scrolls and blew the rams horn to announce the beginning and end of a service

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29
Q

One of the most important developments in the postexilic Jewish communities was the establishment of the profession of_________.

A

Scribe

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30
Q

Scribes were experts in the _____ and ______of the law of ________

A

Exposition

Interpretation

Moses

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31
Q

The scribes traced their origin back to which priest?

A

Ezra

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32
Q

Scribes would be found throughout the cities and towns of Israel, providing exposition of the ____ for everyday life, _______ disciple, and _______ children in _______ schools

A

Law

Training

Educating

Rabbinic

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33
Q

Name 2 places that the scribal instruction took place

A

Temple and synagogues

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34
Q

Many scribes were_____ though there were also ______ and priests among them

A

Pharisees

Sadducees

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35
Q

The scribal office was gained through _____ and ______

A

Knowledge and ability

36
Q

Paul was educated at the feet of _____, one of the leading _____ of _____

A

Gamaliel

Rabbis

Jerusalem

37
Q

Name 2 of the most famous rabbinic schools of the first century

A

1) Hillel

2) Shammai

38
Q

The school of Shammai represented the more…..

A

Restrictive interpretation of the law

39
Q

The scribes are condemned together with the _____ for their legalism and hypocrisy

A

Pharisees

40
Q

Israel’s national identity was fundamentally religious, revolving around the foundations of _______, _______ and ________.

A

Monotheism, covenant and Torah

41
Q

The Sadducees appear to have arisen from the priestly families of the Jerusalem_______ who supported the _______ dynasty

A

Aristocracy

Hasmonean

42
Q

The sadducees name was probably derived from the priestly line of_____, who served as a high priest during the reign of _____.

A

Zadok

David

43
Q

In Jesus’ day, what did the sadducees Control?

A

Controlled the priesthood and most political affairs

44
Q

The Sadducees considered only the ______ to be fully authoritative Scripture, denying the ______ traditions of the Pharisees

A

Pentateuch

Oral

45
Q

The Sadducees differed from the Pharisees by rejecting…..

A

Belief in the immortality of the soul and the resurrection of the body.

46
Q

Who did not believe in angels or spirits

A

Sadducees

47
Q

What ended the sadducees political influence and made them disappear from history

A

The destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70

48
Q

The Pharisees probably arose from the ____, the pious jews who had fought with the Maccabees against the oppression of _______ Epiphanes.

A

Hasidim

Antiochus

49
Q

Who did the Pharisees primarily appear to have been?

A

Middle class laypeople such as merchants and craftsman

50
Q

The most distinctive characteristic of the Pharisees was their strict adherence to______, _______ ______and ______ ______.

A

Torah

Written law and oral law

51
Q

Name the Pharisees two goals

A

1) to apply Torah’s commands to everyday life

2) to “build a fence” around Torah to guard it

52
Q

Some scholars believe that the Pharisees goal was to……

A

Apply to themselves the Old Testament purity laws originally intended for priests and levities

53
Q

Was Jesus more closer theologically to the Pharisees or Sadducees?

Why?

A

Pharisees bc they shared beliefs in the authority of scripture, the resurrection and the coming of the messiah

54
Q

Like the Pharisees, the Essenes probably grew out of the ______ movement

A

Hasidim

55
Q

Most scholars believe that the Qumran community, which produced the _____ ______ ______, were _____.

A

Dead Sea scrolls

Essenes

56
Q

The Qumran community began when a group of priests descended from_____ withdrew from the Jerusalem _______ and moved to the ______ wilderness near the _____ ____.

A

Zadok

Priesthood

Judean

Dead Sea

57
Q

The Qumran sectarians were greatly influenced by a leader known as the ….

A

Teacher of righteousness who was persecuted by a Jerusalem high priest “wicked priest”

58
Q

The Qumran expected two messiahs:

A

1) a military messiah from the line of David

2) a priestly messiah from the line of Aaron

59
Q

The Qumran community was eventually destroyed by the ______ in the ______ ______ of AD 66-73

A

Romans

Jewish Revolt

60
Q

Which groups were eschatologically oriented?

A

Christians and Qumrans

61
Q

Social banditry

A

A form of Zealots who were like “Robin Hood”. They commonly gained popular support from the poor and common ppl

62
Q

Messianic

A

A form of Zealots that aims to overthrow the Roman rulers and establish an independent Jewish state

63
Q

Prophetic

A

A form of Zealots who gained a popular following by claiming that Gods deliverance was about to take place

64
Q

Josephus claims that the fourth philosophy held _____ similar to the _____ but would accept no one but God as their ruler, and wanted to overthrow the _____.

A

Beliefs

Pharisees

Romans

65
Q

Sicarii

A

“Freedom fighters” who would mingle with a crowd during a festival and stab Roman sympathizers

66
Q

Which disciple of Jesus is identified as “The Zealot”

A

Simon

67
Q

How was viewed as the political opposites of social bandits and revolutionaries?

A

Herodians

68
Q

Herodians weee supporters of the pro-______ _______ _______. During Jesus ministry, they were based primarily in ______ and ______ , where Herod antipas ruled

A

Roman herodian dynasty

Galilee and Perea

69
Q

The most widespread messianic hope in the first century was for the _______ _______.

A

Davidic Messiah

70
Q

The Samaritans were not expecting a Davidic Messiah but a…….

A

Moses-like deliverer known as Taheb “returning one”

71
Q

A Jewish scholar and philosopher who lived in Alexandria, Egypt

A

Philo

72
Q

The Dead Sea scrolls we’re discovered near the archeological site of _____ ______.

A

Khirbet Qumran

73
Q

The greatest archeological find of the twentieth century

A

Dead Sea scrolls

74
Q

Why are the Dead Sea scrolls important

A

They give us insight on the Jews which produced them and they contain a wealth of information on the manuscript tradition of the Old Testament

75
Q

Name the 3 types of literature that the scrolls comprise

A

1) sectarian literature
2) biblical manuscript
3) extrabiblical literature

76
Q

Sectarian literature

A

Material produced by the Qumran community itself including rules and regulations for community life

77
Q

Biblical manuscripts

A

Fragments from almost every book in the Old Testament

78
Q

Extrabiblical literature

A

Contains fragments of apocryphal and pseudepigraphic works

79
Q

Give 3 reasons why Protestants reject the apocrypha as authoritative

A

1) they contain historical errors
2) they contain teachings at variance with scripture
3) they lack the prophetic power of the biblical books

80
Q

What is important for the study of the New Testament

A

Apocrypha

81
Q

Tosefta

A

Alternate interpretations and other material not included in the Mishnah

82
Q

Gemara

A

Comments on the Mishnah by rabbis

83
Q

Talmud

A

The complete body of Jewish oral law

84
Q

Name the two editions of the Talmud

A

1) Palestinian edition (Jerusalem Talmud)

2) Babylonian edition

85
Q

Name the two main types of material that the Talmud contains

A

1) halakah- legal rulings and interpretations

2) Haggadah- non-legal portions(like parables)

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