Chapter 5: Enzymes

Question 1

Starch is digested to maltose by:

Answer 1

Amylase

Question 2

Proteins are digested to amino acids by:

Answer 2

protease

Question 3

hydrogen peroxide -> water and oxygen:

Answer 3

catalase

Question 4

enzymes that break down carbohydrates are called:

Answer 4

carbohydrases

Question 5

enzymes that break down lipids (fats and oils) are called:

Answer 5

lipases

Question 6

What state is a fat at room temp?

Answer 6

Solid

Question 7

What state is oil at room temp?

Answer 7

Liquid

Question 8

Enzymes that breakdown maltose to glucose are called:

Answer 8

Maltase

Question 9

Carbohydrase that breaks down sucrose is called:

Answer 9

Sucrase

Question 10

The substance that an enzyme changed is called its:

Answer 10

Substrate

Question 11

Active site

Answer 11

the part of an enzyme molecule to which the substrate temportarily binds

Question 11

Describe how an enzyme changes a substrate into a product

Answer 11

If you are breaking down the substrate molecule, its complementary shape fits into the active site of the enzyme, and the enzyme changes the substrate into new molecules called products.

Question 12

the short lived structure formed as the substrate binds temporarily to the active site of an enzyme is called:

Answer 12

enzyme-substrate complex

Question 13

What does the optimum temperature and pH for an enzyme?

Answer 13

Each enzyme has a particular temp and pH at which it works fastest

Question 14

above ___C , most enzymes denature and stop working.

Answer 14

50C

Question 15

What is the general optimum temperature for enzymes from the human body?

Answer 15

37C, plants are much lower

Question 16

What is most enzymes optimum pH?

Answer 16

pH 7

Question 17

Why is the rate of reaction for enzymes faster at a higher temp?

Answer 17

Enzyme and substrate molecules are constantly moving using kinetic energy. As the temp is increased, the molecules gain more energy, move faster, and have a higher chance of collisions, more likely to form an enzyme-substrate complex.

Question 18

what happens when an enzyme denatures due to too high temps?

Answer 18

The high amounts of kinetic energy begin to shake the enzyme apart, and its molecules lose their shape, making the active site not a complementary fit to the substrate. It does not fit, and cannot form a product, so the activity of the enzyme decreases. It is denatured.