Chapter 5 Energy systems and interplay of energy systems Flashcards
ATP
ATP is a high energy molecule stored in the muscle cells and other parts of the body. It is the energy currency for biological work
ADP
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a by-product that results when ATP breaks down and loses one of its phosphate groups located at the end of the molecules
Creatine
Creatine is an organic substance that occurs naturally in humans and helps to supply energy to muscle
Creatine phosphate
Creatine phosphate is a chemical compound found in muscle cells that is capable of storing and releasing energy that can be used to resynthesize ATP from ADP and Pi
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are naturally occurring compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Carbohydrate is broken down into glucose. Glucose is stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver. Any excess is stored as fat in adipose tissue around the body
Glycogen
Glycogen is like the body’s energy savings account. It’s a storage form of carbohydrates that’s mainly found in the liver and muscles. When you eat carbohydrates, your body converts them into glycogen and stores them for later use.
During physical activity, when you need a quick burst of energy, your body breaks down glycogen into glucose, which is then used to produce ATP (the body’s energy currency) through various energy systems. So, glycogen acts as a ready-to-use energy source that helps fuel your muscles during exercise.
ATP - CP
The ATP-CP system uses creatine phosphate to create new ATP supplies without using oxygen. The ATP-CP energy system can create ATP very quickly, and is the predominant energy contributor to maximal intensity, short-duration activities of up to 6-10 seconds duration
example is a 100m sprint or discuss throw or high jump
Anaerobic glycolysis
The anaerobic glycolysis uses glycogen
The anerobic glycolysis system involves the metabolism of glycogen stores within the muscle without oxygen needing to be present. The anerobic glycolysis system takes longer to create ATP than the ATP-CP system, and it is the major contributor to high-level exertions of 10-60 second duration. This system creates lactate and hydrogen ions as by-products
Example is a 400m run
Aerobic
The aerobic system uses carbohydrates, fats, and protein
The aerobic system is the major contributor to energy production during rest and low-to moderate-intensity activity. It becomes the primary energy contributor to sustained maximal activity after approximately 60 seconds
Example is a marathon
Interplay
At all times all 3 energy systems contribute to energy production
Their relative contributions vary depending upon intensity and duration of activity
In a continuous event, once the aerobic system becomes the major contributor it remains the major contributor for the remainder of the activity. There can be increased contributions from other systems, but they will not become major contributor
Active recovery
Involves low-intensity exercise for 5-10 minutes after event (cool down bike, run, etc) (de lactate erg), allowing:
- Increased oxygen consumption compared to a passive recovery
- Increased blood flow to muscles
- Muscle contraction to increase venous return (The journey blood takes back to the heart, after delivering oxygen and nutrients to your body’s tissues) via muscle pump
Therefore, there is a:
- Prevention of venous pooling (traffic jam for blood flow)
- Quicker removal of metabolic by-products (lactic acid, carbon dioxide)
- Prevention of muscle soreness (due to less metabolic by-products)
- Reduction in recovery time
Passive recovery
Involves the athlete remaining still such as sitting on a bench with no muscular contraction occurring
- More rapid replenishment of creatine phosphate than an active recovery
- ATP resynthesis
