Chapter 5-Energy and Thermodynamics

Question 1

Work

Answer 1

The process of transferring energy

Question 2

Energy

Answer 2

The ability to produce a change/the ability to do work

Question 3

Power

Answer 3

the rate at which work is done/the rate which energy is transferred

Question 4

What Situation is work done in?

Answer 4

When a FORCE is applied and the object MOVES in response to the force

Question 5

Postive work

Answer 5

Work is done by a force in the direction of the objects displacement

Question 6

Negative work

Answer 6

Work is done by a force that acts in the opposite direction of the objects displacement

Question 7

Kinetic Energy

Answer 7

The energy of motion/the energy that an object has because its moving

Question 8

Net Work Thm

Answer 8

Net work done on an object equals its change in kinetic energy. Wnet=ΔKE

Question 9

Potential Energy

Answer 9

energy stored as a result of position of an object or the configuration of atoms in a substance

Question 10

Gravitational PE

Answer 10

Energy that is stored due to its place on a gravitational field PEg=MGH

Question 11

Elastic PE

Answer 11

Energy that is stored in sings or there springy things PEe=1/2KX^2

Question 12

Mechanical Energy

Answer 12

Energy involving forces and motion (Kinetic, PEg, PEe)

Question 13

Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy

Answer 13

The total energy in a closed system stays constant. This is the sum of all energy is constant

Question 14

Closed System

Answer 14

A system in no external forces acting on the system and no changes in the mass of the system

Question 15

How is mechanical energy lost in a rollercoaster

Answer 15

It is converted into unusable energy like heat or bending the material

Question 16

Temperature

Answer 16

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance

Question 17

Internal Energy

Answer 17

Internal energy is the total energy related to motion of particles in a substance, including kinetic, potential, and rotational energies

Question 18

Thermal Equilibrium

Answer 18

When two occurs when two objects are in thermal contact with each other and are at the same temperature

Question 19

Heat

Answer 19

Heat is the energy that flows between objects with different temperatures

Question 20

Specific Heat Capacity

Answer 20

The amount of energy needed to raise one unit of mass of a substance by one unit of temperature. (Joules per kg or C)

Question 21

Phase Change

Answer 21

The transition between states of matter, such as solid to liquid or liquid to gas

Question 22

Heat of Fusion

Answer 22

(Latent Heat) Heat of Fusion is the amount of energy required to melt a unit of mass of a substance at its melting point

Question 23

Heat of Vaporization

Answer 23

(Latent) Heat of Vaporization is the amount of energy required to vaporize a unit of mass of a substance at is boiling point

Question 24

Thermal Expansion

Answer 24

The change in the size of a substance due to the change of temperature

Question 25

Conduction

Answer 25

the heat transfer due to particles in direct contact with each other

Question 26

Convection

Answer 26

The heat transfer through the motion fluids

Question 27

Radiation

Answer 27

Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves

Question 28

Isovolumetric Process

Answer 28

A thermodynamic process that takes place at a constant volume so that no work is done

Question 29

Isothermal Process

Answer 29

A thermodynamic process that takes place at constant temperature

Question 30

Cyclic Process

Answer 30

A thermodynamic process in which a system returns to the same condition under which it started

Question 31

Adiabatic process

Answer 31

A thermodynamic process during which no energy is transferred to or from the system as heat

Question 32

Heat Engine

Answer 32

A heat engine is a device that uses heat to do mechanical work

Question 33

Efficiency

Answer 33

Efficiency is the ratio of useful work produced by a system such as a heat engine to the energy into the system

Question 34

Entropy

Answer 34

Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness or a system

Question 35

Kinetic Theory of Matter

Answer 35

All matter is made up of particles that are constant in motion. This motion is responsible for the thermal properties of all substance

Question 36

Do objects at the same temperature have the same internal energy?

Answer 36

No, unless they have the same mass and specific heat capacity

Question 37

Why does a thermometer measure its own temperature?

Answer 37

The reading depends only on the temperature of the liquid inside. An accurate measurement can only be made after the thermometer has reached thermal equilibrium with the substance being measured

Question 38

Body radiation vs Light Radiation

Answer 38

Body: longer wavelengths, infrared light Light: hotter, shower wavelengths, visible light

Question 39

Why does metal feel colder than wood at the same temperature?

Answer 39

Metal is a better conducted than wood so your heat transfers from your hand faster to the metal

Question 40

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 40

The change of internal energy of a system is equal to the added energy minus the work done by the system

Question 41

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 41

NO cyclic process that converts heat entirely to work is possible. This means that any engine must expel heat from which no work is created.