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Physics > Chapter 5-Energy and Thermodynamics > Flashcards

Chapter 5-Energy and Thermodynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

Work

A

The process of transferring energy

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2
Q

Energy

A

The ability to produce a change/the ability to do work

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3
Q

Power

A

the rate at which work is done/the rate which energy is transferred

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4
Q

What Situation is work done in?

A

When a FORCE is applied and the object MOVES in response to the force

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5
Q

Postive work

A

Work is done by a force in the direction of the objects displacement

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6
Q

Negative work

A

Work is done by a force that acts in the opposite direction of the objects displacement

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7
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

The energy of motion/the energy that an object has because its moving

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8
Q

Net Work Thm

A

Net work done on an object equals its change in kinetic energy. Wnet=ΔKE

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9
Q

Potential Energy

A

energy stored as a result of position of an object or the configuration of atoms in a substance

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10
Q

Gravitational PE

A

Energy that is stored due to its place on a gravitational field PEg=MGH

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11
Q

Elastic PE

A

Energy that is stored in sings or there springy things PEe=1/2KX^2

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12
Q

Mechanical Energy

A

Energy involving forces and motion (Kinetic, PEg, PEe)

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13
Q

Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy

A

The total energy in a closed system stays constant. This is the sum of all energy is constant

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14
Q

Closed System

A

A system in no external forces acting on the system and no changes in the mass of the system

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15
Q

How is mechanical energy lost in a rollercoaster

A

It is converted into unusable energy like heat or bending the material

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16
Q

Temperature

A

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance

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17
Q

Internal Energy

A

Internal energy is the total energy related to motion of particles in a substance, including kinetic, potential, and rotational energies

18
Q

Thermal Equilibrium

A

When two occurs when two objects are in thermal contact with each other and are at the same temperature

19
Q

Heat

A

Heat is the energy that flows between objects with different temperatures

20
Q

Specific Heat Capacity

A

The amount of energy needed to raise one unit of mass of a substance by one unit of temperature. (Joules per kg or C)

21
Q

Phase Change

A

The transition between states of matter, such as solid to liquid or liquid to gas

22
Q

Heat of Fusion

A

(Latent Heat) Heat of Fusion is the amount of energy required to melt a unit of mass of a substance at its melting point

23
Q

Heat of Vaporization

A

(Latent) Heat of Vaporization is the amount of energy required to vaporize a unit of mass of a substance at is boiling point

24
Q

Thermal Expansion

A

The change in the size of a substance due to the change of temperature

25
Q

Conduction

A

the heat transfer due to particles in direct contact with each other

26
Q

Convection

A

The heat transfer through the motion fluids

27
Q

Radiation

A

Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves

28
Q

Isovolumetric Process

A

A thermodynamic process that takes place at a constant volume so that no work is done

29
Q

Isothermal Process

A

A thermodynamic process that takes place at constant temperature

30
Q

Cyclic Process

A

A thermodynamic process in which a system returns to the same condition under which it started

31
Q

Adiabatic process

A

A thermodynamic process during which no energy is transferred to or from the system as heat

32
Q

Heat Engine

A

A heat engine is a device that uses heat to do mechanical work

33
Q

Efficiency

A

Efficiency is the ratio of useful work produced by a system such as a heat engine to the energy into the system

34
Q

Entropy

A

Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness or a system

35
Q

Kinetic Theory of Matter

A

All matter is made up of particles that are constant in motion. This motion is responsible for the thermal properties of all substance

36
Q

Do objects at the same temperature have the same internal energy?

A

No, unless they have the same mass and specific heat capacity

37
Q

Why does a thermometer measure its own temperature?

A

The reading depends only on the temperature of the liquid inside. An accurate measurement can only be made after the thermometer has reached thermal equilibrium with the substance being measured

38
Q

Body radiation vs Light Radiation

A

Body: longer wavelengths, infrared light
Light: hotter, shower wavelengths, visible light

39
Q

Why does metal feel colder than wood at the same temperature?

A

Metal is a better conducted than wood so your heat transfers from your hand faster to the metal

40
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

The change of internal energy of a system is equal to the added energy minus the work done by the system

41
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

NO cyclic process that converts heat entirely to work is possible. This means that any engine must expel heat from which no work is created.

Physics (6 decks)

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