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Physics > Chapter 5 - Energy > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of chemical energy ? And give examples.

A

the energy stored within a substance, which is released on burning.

coal, oil, wood, food

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2
Q

What is the definition of gravitational potential energy ? And give examples.

A

the energy a body contains as a result of its height above the ground

stored energy in a dam of a hydroelectric power station

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3
Q

What is the definition of kinetic energy ? And give examples.

A

the energy of a moving object

wind, waves, tides

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4
Q

What is the definition of nuclear energy ? And give examples.

A

the energy that is stored in the nucleus of an atom

uranium, plutonium

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5
Q

What does the principle of conservation of energy state ?

A

Energy can neither be created or destroyed, but it can change its form

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6
Q

What are renewable energy sources ?

A

Those that are replaced by nature in less than a human lifetime.

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7
Q

What are non-renewable energy resources ?

A

Those used faster than can be replaced by nature.

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8
Q

What are the advantages of using fossil fuels ?

A
  • relatively cheap to start up
  • moderately expensive to run
  • large world reserves of coal
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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of using fossil fuels ?

A
  • all are non-renewable
  • all release carbon dioxide
  • contributes to global warming (CO2)
  • burning coal and oil also releases sulphur dioxide which causes acid rain
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10
Q

What are the advantages of using nuclear fuels ?

A

W- do not produce carbon dioxide

- do not emit gases that cause acid rain

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11
Q

What are the disadvantages of using nuclear fuels ?

A
  • waste products remain radioactive for thousands of years
  • expensive to store materials
  • fission fuels are non-renewable
  • an accident could be very dangerous
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12
Q

What are the advantages of using wind farms ?

A
  • renewable energy source
  • low running costs
  • doesn’t need fossil fuels
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13
Q

What are the disadvantages of using wind farms ?

A

wind farms are:

  • unreliable
  • unsightly
  • hazardous to birds
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14
Q

What are the advantages of using waves ?

A
  • renewable energy source
  • low running costs
  • doesn’t need fossil fuels
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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of using waves ?

A

waver generators at sea are :

  • unreliable
  • unsightly
  • hazardous to shipping
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16
Q

What are the advantages of using tides ?

A
  • renewable energy source
  • low running costs
  • doesn’t need fossil fuels
17
Q

What are the disadvantages of using tides ?

A

tidal barrages can cause:

  • navigation problems for shipping
  • destruction of habitats
18
Q

What is Northern Irelands naturally occurring energy source ?

A

Lignite

19
Q

Why is it important not to over exploit natural resources in ( Northern)Ireland ?

A

because it can cause major damage to habitats.

20
Q

What do all energy resources ultimately rely on ?

A

the energy of the sun

21
Q

What two energy resources do not directly depend on the sun ?

A

Nuclear power and geothermal power

22
Q

Describe the term efficiency

A

How good a device is at transferring energy from one to another in an intended way.

23
Q

What is the formula for efficiency ?

A

useful energy output
efficiency = ———————————————–
energy input

24
Q

What value is efficiency always lower than ?

A

1

25
Q

When is work done ?

A

When a force causes movement

26
Q

what is the formula for work done ?

A

work done = force x distance

w = F x d

27
Q

What is the unit of work done ?

A

Newton meters (Nm) renamed the joule (J)

28
Q

What is the definition of a joule?

A

the energy transferred when the point of application of a force of one newton moves through one meter

29
Q

what is the unit of energy ?

A

joules (J)

30
Q

What is power ?

A

The amount of work done in one second

31
Q

What is the formula of power ?

A

work done
power = ———————
time taken

32
Q

What is the unit of power?

A

Watts (W) or J/s

33
Q

What is the formula of kinetic energy ?

A 
ke  = 1/2 x mass x velocity^2
ke = 1/2mv^2
34
Q

What is the formula of Gravitational potential energy ?

A

GPE = mgh

Physics (18 decks)

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