Chapter 5 - Energy

Question 1

Tools

Answer 1

Predation efficiency, social learning, and energetic benefit

Question 2

Energy Acquisition

Answer 2

Physiological maintenance, growth, and reproduction

Question 3

Radiant Energy

Answer 3

Light from the sun

Question 4

Chemical Energy

Answer 4

Consumption, energy transfer

Question 5

Autotrophs

Answer 5

Energy from sunlight

Question 6

Heterotrophs

Answer 6

Consumers

Question 7

Green Sea Slug

Answer 7

Symbiotic photosnthesis

Question 8

Chemosynthesis

Answer 8

Inorganic to carbohydrates, bacteria, nutrient cycle

Question 9

Carbon Fixation

Answer 9

Energy from ATP/NADH to take up carbon from CO2 to synthesize carbohydrates and organics

Question 10

Calvin Cycle

Answer 10

Carbon fixation, photosynthetic

Question 11

Sulfur Bacteria

Answer 11

Generate energy from H2S leaving behind element S

Question 12

Van Helmont

Answer 12

Tested plant growth factors, how plants gain weight, proposed through the soil

Question 13

Photosynthesis

Answer 13

Two steps, energy harvest and carbon fixation

Question 14

Light Reactions

Answer 14

Splitting water, provides electrons to generate ATP/NADPH

Question 15

Carbon Reactions

Answer 15

Synthesis of sugars

Question 16

Chlorophyll

Answer 16

Sunlight harvesting, green appearance, absorbs red/blue light

Question 17

Photons

Answer 17

Units of light, pigment absorbed

Question 18

Carotenoids

Answer 18

Absorbs blue/green, reflect red, yellow, and orange

Question 19

Rubisco

Answer 19

The key enzyme of Calvin Cycle, most abundant enzyme, catalyzes uptake of CO2, PGA synthesis

Question 20

Light Reaction Curve

Answer 20

Relationship between light levels and photosynthetic rate

Question 21

Light Compensation Point

Answer 21

CO2 uptake is balanced by CO2 loss

Question 22

Bjorkman

Answer 22

Acclimatization to different light levels involves a shift in light saturation point, altered density of light pigments

Question 23

Chlorophyll f

Answer 23

Absorbds light in the near-infrared region, beyond red wavelength, shallow waters, cyanobacteria adaptation

Question 24

High Nitrogen

Answer 24

High Photsynthesis

Question 25

Carboxylase

Answer 25

CO2 up, sugar synthesis, O2 release

Question 26

Oxygenase

Answer 26

O2 up, carbon breakdown, release CO2

Question 27

Photorespiration

Answer 27

Net energy loss, and oxygenase, increase rapidly at high temperatures, and play a role in protection from damage at high light

Question 28

C4

Answer 28

Pathway reduces photorespiration, evolved independently, grass families, high CO2 to Calvin, lower O2 uptake, spatial separation of leaf region, increased efficiency of carbon fixation

Question 29

Bundle Sheath

Answer 29

High CO2 concentration, site of Calvin cycle

Question 30

CAM

Answer 30

Separates steps, open stomata at night, increased acidity in plant tissue during the night, succulent, thick/fleshy

Question 31

Detritus

Answer 31

Dead organic matter

Question 32

Fiber

Answer 32

Cellulose, plant cell wall

Question 33

Bioremediation

Answer 33

Microorganisms used in environmental waste management to clean up toxins

Question 34

Insect Mouthparts

Answer 34

Paired appendages, razors, sponging

Question 35

Bird Bills

Answer 35

flat, hooked, optimized food acquisition, feeding efficiency

Question 36

Insect Flight

Answer 36

High energy demand, fat storage for flight initiation

Question 37

Gizzards

Answer 37

Small rocks for grinding food

Question 38

Coprophagy

Answer 38

Reingest feces

Question 39

The Rumen

Answer 39

Bacteria facilitate the chemical breakdown of cellulose, fermintation chamber

Question 40

Rumination

Answer 40

cud chewing, regurgitation